A Study On The Evaluation Of Ecosystem And The Countermeasures Of Remediation In Bosten Lake Area, Xinjiang

Ecological security can be defined as mankind's ensure degree un-effected by ecological destroy and environmental pollution. Ecological security can be seen a state in which the inner structure and function and outer appearance of various kinds of ecological systems (including the natural ecosystem, artificial vegetation system, and natural-artificial combined system) are kept balance in a definite scope of time and space, which will then make human beings free from the ecological threatens to the living, yield, health and development. The mostly content of ecological security consists of ecological health diagnosis, regional ecological risk analysis, landscape security pattern, ecological security monitoring and prediction, and ecological security management and guarantee etc. Appling some scientific evaluation methods, establishing a set of practical and reasonable evaluation system of ecological security, and assessing regional ecological environmental security, all these are the base of regional environmental protection, which will provide safeguard for the constituting an ecological security system with a perfect function and structure and for the reinforce ecological protection ability.Bostan Lake is located in Bohu County, which is the largest inland fresh lake of China. It has played a very important role in keeping the balance of the ecosystem in Yanqi Basin and the socio-economical development of local people. However, with the excessive cultivation and exploitation of natural resources in this area, and with the rapid development of local economy, the environmental problems in this area is increasingly serious, which have had a negative impact on the ecosystem in this area as a whole. So an evaluation of the ecosystem in the bostan lake area is a must and meaningful, through which we can analyze the ecological environmental problems and their causes, which I believe will further improve our research standard, better safeguard the ecosystem and ensure the sustainable development of the natural resources in this region.On the basis of a comprehensively mastering the assessment measures and technologies of regional ecosystem both at home and abroad, according to the P-S-R model issued by UNEP, and aiming at the main ecological problems existed in Bostan Lake area, this thesis applies the following 20 indexes trying to establish the evaluation system of ecology along Bostan Lake area. These indexes are: five water environment indexes (including the amount of water coming into the lake, surface area of the watershed, degree of mineralization of the lake, pollution index of the water and diving depth); five land indexes(including the rate of change in the area of artificial grassland, the salinification rate of the grassland, the salinity of the land, index of the desertification and index of the cultivated land); five living natural resources indexes(including the grassland degradation rate, the forest coverage rate, the rate of change in the surface area of reed wetland, the deteriorate extent of the grassland quality and index of biodiversity); five social-economical indexes(the total output value of per unit area yield, region's average GDP per capita, average income of the local peasants, density of the grassland population, afforest rate of the cities along the lake).Employing multiple evaluation models and The Analytic Hierarchy Proces(AHP), this thesis makes a study on the status of the natural and socio-economical development along the Bostan Lake area, and at the same time, it also makes an overall assessment on its ecosystem. According to the result of the study, the evaluation indexes in Bostan area is 4.972 and the Security Condition is level 3, meaning the ecosystem is in normal condition. The study tells us that a better ecological environment in Bostan Lake area needs security guarantee of various kinds of natural resources, among which, water environment is the key, the security of the land resource is the media, the biological resource and the social-economical stability is the safeguard to ensuring Environment protection.The study shows that the ecosystem is not only influenced by the nature but human beings as well. Human activities specially worsen the ecological environment. The major problems include the imbalance distribution of water resource and the degrading of it; the imbalance of the ecosystem, the increasingly serious salinification; the loss of the wetland, the degeneration of the ecological function; the imbalance between the rapid economical development and the protection of the natural resources.As to the ecological problems existed in Bostan Lake area, this thesis tries to establish a set of overall and perfect scientific evaluation system, which includes the measures of environmental monitor, administer and protection, the reasonable cultivation and exploitation of the natural resources, the multiple ecological administer engineering and the development of the advanced ecological agriculture and so on, aiming to strengthen the protection ability of the ecosystem, realizing the ecological security of the whole region and the sustainable development of society and economy.