Study On Water Environmental Carrying Capacity Of Shandong Province

Tere are some ecological environmental problems in Shandong Province, such as deficiency of water resources, uneven distribution in space time, waste of water resources, serious water pollution, unreasonable exploitation of surface water, excessive exploitation of groundwater, etc and water environment problem has become the bottleneck restrictting the sustainable economic and social development of Shandong Province. The result of the study on water environmental carrying capacity will provide scientific basis to the implementation of the sustainable development strategy and the construction of the ecological province in Shandong Province.The main contents and fruits of this paper include: (1) The valuation index system of water environmental carrying capacity for Shandong Province has been established. Water environmental carrying capacity has been divided into water resources carrying capacity, water environmental carrying capacity and support capacity of economy and society and the valuation index system of water environmental carrying capacity for Shandong Province has been established based on the eco-environmental water demand and water environmental capacity from the sustainable mechanisms of water environmental carrying capacity using ten indexes, such as carrying rate of the ammount that water resources can supply, guarantee rate of eco-environmental water demand, carrying rate of environmental capacity for COD, carrying rate of environmental capacity for NH₃-N, utilization ratio of regenerate water for city, recycling utilization rate of water for industry, effective utilization coefficient of water for irrigation, ratio of investment of sewage treatment to GDP, concentrated disposal rate of sewage for city, discharged rate up to standard of sewage for industry, etc. (2) The eco-environmental water demand of Shandong Province from 2000 to 2005 has been calculated. It includes the eco-environmental water demand of vegetation, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and cities. The result shows the range of the eco-environmental water demand of Shandong Province from 2000 to 2005 is from 34264 to 34501 million cubic meter. (3) The water environmental capacity of chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen of Shandong Procince has been calculated. The model of water environmental capacity and the computational method conformed to the characteristic of hydrology, water resources, and water environmental condition in Shandong Province has been established. 239 rivers and 547 water environmental function zones have been taken as the study objects and the water environmental capacity meeting the conditions of water environmental function zones has been calculated. The result shows that the water environmental capacity of chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen of Shandong Procince are respectively 0.1259 miliion ton every year and 0.0053 miliion ton every year. (4) Water environmental carrying capacity of Shandong Province from 2000 to 2005 has been evaluated using single index. The result indicates that the ammount that water resources can supply is from 13976 to 16900 million cubic meter, the total ammount that water resources has been consumed is from 21103 to 25272 million cubic meter, the carrying rate of the ammount that water resources can supply is between 0.6 and 0.7 and the change between years is little and water resources is over loading. The guarantee rate of eco-environmental water demand is smaller than 50% and the change between years is little and the eco-environmental water demand is unable to be guaranteed. The ammount of COD that flowed into rivers is from 0.3819 to 0.5371 million ton every year and the ammount of NH₃-N that flowed into rivers is from 0.0476 to 0.0546 million ton every year. The carrying rate of environmental capacity for COD is between 0.2 and 0.4 and the carrying rate of environmental capacity for NH₃-N is between 0.09 and 0.2 and water environment is over loading. The carrying capacity of water resources and water environment of Shandong Province are lower. The level of water regeneration and utilization is on rising characterised with utilization ratio of regenerate water for city, recycling utilization rate of water for industry, effective utilization coefficient of water for irrigation, but the utilization ratio of regenerate water for city is smaller than 20% and the effective utilization coefficient of water for irrigation is about 0.5 that is lower 0.7 to 0.8 of developed countries. The level of water regeneration and utilization is low. The governing level of water environment is on rising characterised with ratio of investment of sewage treatment to GDP, concentrated disposal rate of sewage for city and discharged rate up to standard of sewage for industry, but the ratio of investment of sewage treatment to GDP and the concentrated disposal rate of sewage for city is low. The support capacity of economy and society of Shandong Province is on rising. (5) The method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation for water environmental carrying capacity of Shandong Province has been established and the water environmental carrying capacity of Shandong Province from 2000 to 2005 has been evaluated. The weight of every index has been determined with the integrated approach of AHP-group decision-making and the classification standard of index for fuzzy comprehensive evaluation has been made. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of water environmental carrying capacity of Shandong Province from 2000 to 2005 has been made under two situations: one is that only local wter resources is considered and the other is that other water sources are been considered, such as the utilization of water from Yellow River, desalination and the circular utilization of sewage and so on. The result indicates that water environmental carrying capacity of Shandong Province has been improved to different degree when other water sources have been considered, but it is still in a lower level and remains to be improved further. (6) The measures to improve water environmental carrying capacity of Shandong Province have been put forward such as developing and saving water resources, water trasfer and comprehensive control of water pollution, etc.