Research On The Preparation And Properties Of Inorganic Nanomaterials By Using Polysaccharides As The Template

Polysaccharide is one of the richest renewable natural organic macromolecules on the Earth. Polyhydroxylated macromolecules present interesting dynamic supramolecular associations facilitated by inter and intramolecular hydrogen bonding resulting in molecular level capsules, which can act as templates for nanoparticle growth. It has many advantages, for example, polysaccharide is readily available, renewable and low cost. Besides, the chemical reaction for the preparation of the nanomaterials by using polysaccharide as the template is carried out in the water solution system; as a result, the organic solvents can be completely avoided. In this paper, polysaccharide has been successfully used as the template for the preparation of the oxide electrode materials of supercapacitor and metallic nanoparticles.We firstly use soluble starch to the preparation of nanoporous NiO and Co3O4. Besides, we have prepared NiO hollow sphere electrode materials by using the colloidal carbon spheres with polysaccharide-like surfaces as the template. Advanced instruments including XRD,TEM,N2 sorption and so on are applied to the analysis of the structure and morphology on the samples. And the possible mechanisms for the formation of the samples are discussed. The as-prepared electrode materials exhibit favorable super capacitance. This result is analyzed with the microstructures of the samples including the BET surface areas and the pore structures. In addition, SiO2,TiO2,SnO2 hollow spheres have been prepared by the colloidal carbon spheres templates and the possible mechanism for the formation of them is discussed.When the Ni(OH)2/starch and colloidal carbon spheres/Ni(OH)2 are heat treated in N2 atmosphere, Ni nanoparticles/armorphous carbon is obtained. We discussed its formation mechanism. In addition, silver nanoparticles, macroporous sponge of silver and silver nanoparticles/ amorphous carbon carbon-protected nickel and cobalt nanoparticles have been prepared using polysaccharides via a facile green approach.No reducing agent was used in the experiments. These carbon-protected nickel and cobalt nanoparticles are porous and highly stable in air.