Synthesis And Characterization Of Nitrogenous Conducting Polymer Micro/nanostructured Materials

Many scientists have attracted considerable attention to studies on the special structured and the special morphology micro/nanostructure materials because of the rapid development of nanoscience and nanotechnology. In this paper, a series of nitrogenous conducting polymer micro/nanostructured materials were prepared via the interfacial polymerization and the microemulsion polymerization using indole, aniline and N-methylaniline as the synthesized monomers. The following three perspectives were discussed:From synthesized methods point of view, polyindole, polyaniline, poly (N-methylaniline) and copolymers of aniline and indole were prepared by the interfacial polymerization and the microemulsion polymerization. The different synthetic methods were investigated to examine the effects on the morphologies of the polymers. The results showed: in the oil/water system, the proliferation rate of the monomers has great influences on the morphologies in two-phase interface; and oil droplet can be also used as a reaction template, which controlled effectively the morphologies. In the microemulsion system, because the surfactant played a role of the soft template, this method more easily obtained a series of the special morphologies, such as hollow micro/nanospheres, hard spheres and vesicles and so on.From synthesized conditions point of view, the reaction temperature, the kinds of the doping acid (for the interfacial polymerization), the concentration of the surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) (for the microemulsion polymerization) and the molar concentration of the monomer and oxidant were discussed in detail to study the influence on the morphologies. The results discovered: the lower reaction temperature that reduce the reactive rate is more conductive to the formation of the regular morphologies. The micelles formed by the surfactant were used as a soft template and provided the polymerized space in the microemulsion system. However, the shapes of micelles were impacted by its concentration. A higher molar concentration of the monomer and oxidants is not conductive to the formation of special morphology. From molecular structures point of view, the different molecular structures were discussed to research the impacts on the polymer morphologies. The different molecular structures have the different growth direction, for example, indole is preferred to the polymerization of three-dimensional space; the linear development of N-methylaniline becomes difficult because of the introduction of–CH3. To control its growth trend, other outside factors must be used.To sum up, according to the structural characteristics of the monomer, the morphologies of the polymers can be further controlled through controlling effectively the external factors.