Analysis Of Land Ecological Damage And Land Restoration In Shenfu Mining Area

The ecological environment of Shenfu mining area is very fragile because of its specified physical geography and geological background, together with ground collapse, descending of groundwater level, shrinking of farmland area, destroying of groundwater resources and aggravation of water and soil loss caused by mining. The article analyses the types, characteristics, causes, impact factors of land ecological damage, and propose the remediation technology of land ecological damage, following findings can be reached:(1)The land of mining area is divided into 10 damage zones according to the degree of collapse, administrative boundaries etc.(2)Land collapse is the most direct land ecological damage performance.Through the damage analysis of ground collapse, the key factors of ground collapse are the coal's exploration method, the exploration layers and the exploitation depth. At present the comprehensive mining method used in Shenfu mining area is large-scale mining. Its ground collapse range is large, which formed 43.33 km2 in size,and the ground damage is also serious. The room and pillar mining method is used in mining small coals, its cross-border exploration and the gob's overlap can lead to the collapse of gob area.(3)The loss and pollution of water resources is the key to land ecological damage. Mining firstly causes decrease of groundwater level, the decrease is 0.5-4.5m from 90's to today; secondly it makes surface runoff lessen, the decrease is 34.5mm compared to 1976-1980's; thirdly, it pollutes water, Fluoride, sulphide and total phosphorus exceeded the standard, the exceeding rate are 13%, 87% and 20% respectively.Of the three pollutants, sulphide pollution is the most serious, with the maximum exceeding multiples is 12.25 and average multiples is10.89, which belongs to extreme pollution; total phosphorus pollution is moderate and fluoride pollution is light. (4) Vegetation damage is the most serious consequence of land ecological damage. It manifests mainly in shrinking of Vegetation area, decrease of types, death of tree. The area of grassland reduced by 3942.4 ha, shrub-based shelter has degenerated, 60 percent vegetation can not grow well.(5)According to the Soil improvement and plant resume comparison of Bulianta coal mine in Shenfu mining area, we recognized that soil improvement should be done after mining reclamation in order to improve the soil fertility and productivity, which can make the final land ecological restoration and reconstruction come true.(6)Based on the vegetation investigation and research of this area, the selection and configuration of vegetation species suitable to Shenfu mining reclamation were established. The shrub-grass model is superior to tree-shrub-grass model in soil restoration, so vegetation recovery model should be"more shrub-grass than tree-shrub-grass"in Shenfu mine area.