| The house is the main place for human life and work and the indoor environment quality has great influence on health and work efficiency.In recent years as building material is widely used,it releases a lot of harmful material polluting the indoor environment seriously,which causes "Sick Building Syndrome(SBS)".This thesis provides some scientific basis and methods to control the indoor air pollution and improve the indoor environment quality be reaching the effect of building material on it.It sums up the achievements and problems in the research of the polluting source systematicallyo We did a series of questionnaire survey and field experiment in 40 newly built or newly decorated houses in Shanghai from 2003 to 2005.Base on these date,we have a commonly grasp of present conditions of Shanghai indoor chemical pollution,and analyze the influence of building age,decorate time and cost,family members and life habitant to the indoor environment,and analyze the existing problems.The results indicated the scale of those houses was only 11%in which the concentrations of formaldehyde,total volatile organic compound(TVOC) and benzene could satisfy the standard of China (GB50325-2001).Thereinto,the pollution of formaldehyde was most and the mean concentration was 0.43mg/m~3,and the maximal concentration reached 1.70mg/m~3.The scale of overtopping 3 times of standard limit was 61.5%,and the maximal concentration had overtopped 21 times of standard limit.The mean concentration of TVOC was 1.02mg/m~3.The maximal concentration was 1.80mg/m~3 and reached 3.5 times of standard limit.The mean concentration of benzene was 1.02mg/m~3.The regular rates of inhabited and non-inhabited houses were 95%and 100%, respectively.Moreover,the effects of time after upholstering,temperature and humidity, upholstery design,ventilation and the sorts of building material on indoor pollutants were analyzed concretely.Adding the temperature benefited the releases of formaldehyde and benzene.There was an obvious negative correlation between the time after upholstering and pollutant concentration.After 1 week,the mean concentrations of all indoor pollutants overtopped the standard limits,but increase with the time,concentrations dropped gradually.Up to 4 weeks,the mean concentrations of all indoor pollutants could satisfy the standard limits.The main indoor pollutants came from the materials for upholstering and fitment,such as paint,dope,organic solvent and veneer and beaverboard agglutinated by carbamide aldehyde resin,and so on.Besides these,according to the current indoor air quality standard and the characteristics of the indoor air pollution,the thesis establishes the evaluation standard of the indoor air quality and evaluation level and puts forward the impact evaluation and present evaluation mode and methods of evaluation.By analyzing and forecasting contaminations,pre-assessment can afford necessary information for design and construction.Pre-assessment method has been regarded as an efficient measure to avoid indoor air pollution. |
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