Study On Synthesis And Properties Of Polyglyceryl Amines Surfactants

The synthesis, surface chemical properties and the applied properties of polyglyceryl alkyl amines surfactants are described.The B3LYP/6-311G* methods were performed on alkyl amines, glycidol and possible products synthesized from alkyl amines and glycidol. All the configurations were obtained with no imaginary frequencies. Comparative analysis on reaction path for alkyl amines and glycidol shows that linear products were easily synthesized.3-Chloro-1, 2-propanediol was firstly prepared by glycerin and HCl under the catalysis of acetic acid,then glycidol was prepared by 3-Chloro-1,2-propanediol and NaOH in the Dichloromethane phase,polyglyceryl alkyl amines surfactants were synthesized from alkyl amines and glycidol. The reaction conditions were obtained via soaponification method. For the diglyceryl alkyl amines, alkyl amines and glycidol reacted at 84°C for 24h under the solvent of ethanol .For the hexaglyceryl alkyl amines, alkyl amines and glycidol reacted at 120°C for 8 h.The structures of the products were characterized by FTIR, ESI-MS and NMR.The purity of 3-Chloro-1, 2-propanedioland glycidol were analyzed through GC to determine the mass percent content,the mass percent content of the polyglyceryl alkyl amines surfactants were analyzed through non - aqueous titration.The surface tensions and critical micelle concentrations (cmc) of dilute aqueous solutions of these surfactants were measured by DuNouy ring method in order to investigate the effect of the different temperature and the length of carbon chain on surface chemical properties. These results indicate that the values of cmc and the corresponding surface tension at such concentration (γcmc) were respectively in the ranges 4.1×10-5~1.45×10-4 mol·L-1 and 30.31~35.30 mN·m-1,which increase as temperature increases ,but decreases as the length of carbon chain increases. The calculation of micelle thermodynamic parameters showed that the forming of micelle was driven by entropy.The applied properties of polyglyceryl alkyl amines surfactants such as wetting, foaming, emulsification, solubilization, LSDR and detergency were measured, these results indicate that polyglyceryl alkyl amines surfactants has excellent properties.