| Quaternary ammonium salt cationic fungicides have biological effects such as inhibiting and killing microorganisms. Insoluble antimicrobial polymer could be prepared by monomer with quaternary ammonium salt antibacterial functional group. With the property of insoluble in water or organic solvent, insoluble antimicrobial polymer avoids safety problem such as toxicity, vestige and irritation in the using process.In this paper, acrylamide-type cationic polymerizable emulsifiers (named series I) are synthesized by using acrylic acid, PCl3, N, N-dimethyl-ethylenediamine and alkyl bromides. The chemical structures of the emulsifiers were characterized by MS. The performance and stability of the emulsions of series I in emulsion polymerization system of styrene-butyl acrylate were studied, and obtained (except I1) well emulsifying properties and the latex particles size dispersion of a single distribution. Compared with traditional emulsifier hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide CTAB, series I markedly improved the emulsion stability and storage stability, but not the stability to electrolytes and freeze-thaw stability. When the films, which were prepared from the CTAB and series I, were immersed into water after 30 days, water absorption of the film made with CTAB (90%) was 8.82 times higher than that with I2 (10.2%),1.62 times than I3 (55.6%),1.64 times than I4 (54.9%). So, polymerizable emulsifiers can greatly improve the water resistance of films.A series of polymerizable emulsifiers (named series J) were also synthesized, whose structures combined the characteristics of polyoxyethylene as nonionic group and quaternary ammonium as cationic group. The structures of the product were confirmed by MS, and the contents of cationic-activity matter of J1, J2, J3, J4 and J5 were determined by two-phase titration, which respectively were 36.9%,38.25%,28.49%,35.35% and 31.95%. The series J polymerizable emulsifiers were then used with constant addition profiles in semicontinuous emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate-butyl acrylate-vinyl ester of tertary carboxylic acid-hexafluorobutyl methacrylate. J2, J3, J4 and J5 polymerized well, and the polydispersity indexes (PDI) were lower than 0.1, the latex particles size dispersion of a single distribution. The freeze/thaw, storage and against electrolyte stability electrolyte were evaluated. As a reference, CTAB was also used for the emulsion polymerization. Compared with CTAB, series J markedly improved the freeze/thaw stability, storage stability and against electrolyte stability. When the films, which were prepared from the CTAB and series J, were immersed into water after 30 days, water absorption of the film made with CTAB (105.51%) was respectively 1.13 times higher than that with J2 (93.66%),2.84 times than J3 (37.09%),7.82 times than J5 (13.5%).This paper also studied the antibacterial property of series I, series J, series E and series F polymerizable emulsifiers. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus and the antibacterial activities of the films and the coatings were tested. The MIC of I1, I2,I3 and I4 are similar with CTAB. The germicidal efficacy of Escherichia coli of latex films of I2, I3,14, J3, J4 and J5 is superior to CTAB. After elution, the antibacterial effects for Escherichia coli of I3 and I4 latex films were obviously superior to CTAB, especially I4, but it's not obvious after elution of J3 and J5 latex films. Furthermore, they have the probability of lasting antibacterial effect for Escherichia coli. The coatings of I3, I4, J2, J3, J4, J5, F2 and F5 showed good antibacterial property for Escherichia coli. For Escherichia coli, the antibacterial rate of coatings of I3,14, J2, J3, J4 and J5 were all 100%, the antibacterial rate of coatings of F2 and F5 were respectively 96.5% and 99.66%. For Staphylococcus aureus, the antibacterial rate of coatings of F2, F5, E1 and E3 were respectively 98.83%,99.17%,91.67% and 94.44%. So, it will be helpful to develop new antibacterial coating. |
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