Synthesis And Properties Of New Emulsifiers Using In Emulsion Eexplosive

Emulsion explosive is a new type of water-containing industrial explosives developing from 1960s.It arouses wide concern and is widely used as industrial explosives by all the countries of the world because of the advantages of good water-proof performance, excellent explosive performance,simple composition,pollution-free and low cost ,and so on.However, the problem of poor storage stability restricts largely its rapid development. Synthesizing excellent performance emulsifier and changing the stability of emulsion explosive fundamentally are the key to solve the the problem of poor storage stability of emulsion explosive key.The thesis synthesized three types of non-ionic surfactants and studies their properties, then prepared emulsion explosive using three types of non-ionic surfactants and studied their storage stabilities, as follows:Six amphiphilic copolymers were synthesized from polyethylene glycol,succinic anhydride,N-hydroxysuccinimide,1,6-hexanediamine and 1,4-phenylene diamine. The structures of target products were characterized by FTIR, and the viscosity, surface activeity, cloud point, and emulsifiability were measured. Results showed that these amphiphilic copolymers behavior better surface activity, wherein the critical micellar concentration (CMC) andγcmc of target products are 0.37 g/L~5.43g/L and 7.68mN/m ~ 47.71mN/m respectively. The intrinsic viscosity of copolymers is 6.2 mL/g ~ 8.4 mL/g; cloud point is 67.4℃~89.6℃; emulsifiability is 52 s ~ 207 s.Six non-ionic surfactants were synthesized from cyanuric chloride,fatty amine (octanamine,dodecylamine) and polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether.The structures of intermediates and target products were characterized by FTIR and 1HNMR. And surface tension, critical micellar concentration (CMC) cloud point and emulsifiability were measured. Results showed that these non-ionic surfactants behavior better surface activity, wherein the CMC andγcmc of DMAT-600 are 0.162mol/L and 31.94mN/m respectively. Its cloud point is 65.7℃~77.1℃. The emulsifiability of non-ionic surfactants is up to 20.5min.Two non-ionic Gemini surfactants were synthesized from cyanuric chloride,fatty amine (octanamine,tert-octylamine), ethylenediamine and diethanolamine.The structures of intermediates and target products were characterized by FTIR,1HNMR and MS.Interfacial tensions of water-toluene and water-heptane were measured at 25℃,and the hydrophilic- lipophilic balance(HLB) of target products were calculated. Results showed that non-ionic Gemini surfactants behavior better interfacial activity,and the interfacial tension water- toluene can be reduced to 6.69mN/m.The HLB of two non-ionic Gemini surfactants were 12.27This paper prepared emulsion explosive using three types of non-ionic surfactants according to existing emulsification process, and studied their storage stabilities using the method of recycle of high and low temperature. Results showed that prepared emulsion explosive had some storage stabilities. The number of recycle of high and low temperature of the emulsifying base which was prepared by DMAT-2000 as emulsifier was up to 7 times.