A Research On The Production Technology Inheritance Of Hmong Musical Instruments And Its Affect Factors In Qiandongnan

The Hmong's instrument is an essential part of residents'life and production in the Miao nationality. Instruments have been integrated with the Miao residents, and they are not only tools to play music, but also symbolic bodies and messengers of ancient culture in their mind through thousands of years'development and inheritance. Meanwhile, instruments are witnesses of the Miao's the rise and fall. Thus, the study on inheritance of the Miao instrument's techniques will cause significant real values.This thesis regard the Miao instrument as study object, adopting literature method, case method and the method of observe in fields. Observe locations which are Kaili, Taijiang Fanpai, Leishan Paika and Danzhai Yahui in Qiandongnan Miao and Kam Autonomous District have been chosen to carefully investigate the techniques of reed-pipe wind instruments, wooden drum and wooden dipper respectively.This thesis has mainly studied two aspects which are techniques'inheritance of instruments in Qiandongnan Miao Nationality and factors influencing techniques' inheritance of instruments.The first study is based on field observation and literature arrangements. To begin with, the Miao instrument has been categorized in every detail, and representative instruments in every category are introduced. Then author chose one of them in every category and made detailed explanations about its production type and theory. With the above studies as matting, the current situation of inheritance of instruments'techniques has been discussed and analyzed from the aspects of method, process and features of inheritance by adopting educational theories and methods.The second study is based on the first study and analyzes factors influencing the techniques'inheritance of the Miao instrument from internal and external aspects respectively. Internal factors include the disappearance of inheritance's subject, weak awareness of protection, traditions and singular way of inheritance's methods, low speed of techniques'refresh, lack of understanding of instruments'cultural meanings, customs and beliefs and so on. External factors include inrushing of numerous alien instruments, fierce competition, narrow living space, few people who appreciate this kind of music, narrow market, lack of attention from society and school education and so on.Given the above studies, it is not difficult to arrive at the following conclusions. First of all, instruments are categorized according to Chinese traditional method in this thesis, and the Miao instrument includes three classifications:wind instruments, percussion instruments, string instruments. This kind of standard is easy to accept and match chinese customs. Moreover, most of the Miao instrument are symbols of Miao culture rather than tools to play music. They are closely contacted with residents'living, development and propagation in the Miao nationaliry and have become to be representatives of the Miao. Thirdly, the types of inheritance of the Miao instrument's techniques include family inheritance, parampara inheritance, factory inheritance and informal inheritance. Besides, these types of inheritance are not as effective as what we thought they are. The entire inheritance is going down due to the narrow space to spread. What's more, some of the Miao instrument's techniques have modernlized and professional trend and showed voluntariness, no organization and non-profession due to inertia of traditions. Also, the situation of lacking of inheritors is getting serious. At last but not the least, with the mutual influences of internal and external factors, the Miao instrument's techniques have exhibited ignorance to inheritance, gradual disappearance of subject, weak awareness of protection, single spread method, refreshing with low speed, lack of understanding of internal cultural meaning and customs and losing inherited awareness. Numerous alien instruments crowding into the Miao nationality have caused fierce competitive environment. Narrow speed and market and lacking of attentions from society and school education bring more disadvantaged factors for the Miao instrument's inheritance.