Research On The Current State And Dynamic Development Of The Natural Wetland In Hebei Province

Wetland is the important constituent of the earth's ecosystem, which is called one of the three global ecosystem types,with forests and oceans. Wetland ecological systems rely on water in order to survive, with high economic value and various ecological functions. Wetland can provide continuously aquatic products such as fish, shrimp, shellfish and algae, which can also provide the living production materials such as reed, wood and fresh water to humans. And wetland ecological system plays an important role in resisting flood disasters, adjusting surface runoff, controlling the river pollution ,improving area's climate, maintaining biological diversity and purifying regional environment ,which can not be replaced by other systems.Wetland in Hebei Province has three characteristics: large areas, wide range distribution and all kinds of types. In recent decades, Wetland in Hebei Province was reduced in areas and degenerated in functions. This research gets remote sensing data from satellite by GIS technology and RS technology, which determines the scale and the distribution of natural wetland in Hebei province through the investigation, sample collection, material collection and data processing, which expounds the degradation of natural wetland in Hebei Province for nearly 50 years through the comparison of material in different years. This research summarizes the driving factors of wetland changing and puts forward suggestions in wetland's protection and restoration in Hebei province.The research results and conclusions in this paper are as follows:1. In wetland resources survey, GIS technology and RS technology are important tools, which can provide rich data related the wetland resources, which have powerful functions in spatial analysis and data management, and they can provide direct, precise and scientific basis in the wetland research, development, utilization, protection and planning management.2. Hebei natural wetland area reduced by 80% ,from nearly a million square kilometers in the 1950s to two thousand square kilometers, which shows the water area's reduction, beaches by artificial modification, natural biological decreasing, water quality decreasing and ecosystem destroying, internal structure changing. Wetland functional degradation shows the ability of water conservation and runoff regulation reduces, the influence and controlling force to regional climate reduces.3. The driving factors of Wetland changes are mainly divided into natural factors and social economic factors. Natural factors contain average temperature, precipitation and sunshine duration; Social economic factors contain population quantity and gross national product. Two of the driving factors, population and precipitation play the important role in wetland changes, which explains human social activities affects more on wetland than the natural factors, and they are in the most important position.