Preparation Of One - Dimensional And Two - Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials By Nanoporous Inorganic Material Template Method

In recent years, synthesis of carbon nanomaterials using templates are drawing increasing interests. It is an effective technique for the synthesis of one-dimensional nanomaterials which can control the morphology, structure, size and arrangement of the target material by the space limit domain capacity and structure-oriented of template.In this paper, using the inorganic materials of hydrotalcite and halloysite as a template preparation of one-dimensional or two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials. Study on the influence of preparation method, the amount of added carbon, carbonization temperature on the product. The obtained materials were investigated by XRD、IR、Raman、UV-vis、SEM、TEM、XPS、 BET.In this work, two-dimensional graphene materials were successfully synthesized through pyrolysis followed by acid washing using CoAl-CO32--LDH as the template and SSS as the carbon source.The results showed that graphene materials with the highest degree of graphitization can be successfully prepared when the carbonization temperature is 600 ℃.The product copied the morphology of hydrotalcite which is hexagon and is in micron scale. Co element from the LDH as catalytic active centers played an important role in accelerating carbonization of the intercalation agent.One-dimensional carbon nanotubes were successfully synthesized through template method combined with organic modification method using halloysite nanotubes(HNTs) which has a tubular structure as the template and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the carbon source. The formation process of carbon nanotubes was studied and the results showed that PVA combined with the hydroxyl group in the surface of HNTs and attached on it, then formed the PVA/HNTs composites with hollow tubular structure. Carbon nanotubes with amorphous structure were obtained by high temperature carbonization and acid washing process to remove template. The effects of carbonization temperature on the product was investigated, and the results showed that the graphitization degree of the product decreased with the increase of carbonization temperature which indicated that HNTs template has a blocking effect for carbonization of the carbon source.Carbon nanrods were successfully synthesized through nanocasting method using halloysite nanotubes(HNTs) which has a hollow tubular structure as the template and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the carbon source. The formation process of carbon nanorods was studied and the results showed that PVA was filled into HNTs inside diameter and accumulated to fill up it, then formed the PVA/HNTs composites. The effects of different carbon sources on the product were studied, the results showed that when the mass ratio of carbon source and the template was 2:1, it showed better filling effect, higher carbon content and higher degree of graphite.Carbon nanorods can also be obtained through the hydrothermal method by using halloysite nanotubes(HNTs) as the template and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the carbon source. The effects of carbonization temperature on the carbon nanorods obtained by the two different methods was investigated, and the results showed that the graphitization degree of the product decreased with the increase of carbonization temperature which indicated that HNTs template has a blocking effect for carbonization of the carbon source.