A Study On The Relationship Between Sleep Time And Depression In Adults

Aim: The relation of sleep duration and depression is not clear. The present study examined the association between short and long sleep durations and depression.Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected from 34,009 adults(55.7% women, aged 18 years or older) who participated in 2012 National Health Interview Survey. Logistic regression model was performed to estimate odds ratio(OR) with 95% confidence intervals(CIs). A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model to calculate pooled relative risks(RRs) with 95% confidence interval(CI).Results: In our cross-sectional study, the prevalence of depression was 28.9%, 16.2%, 11.7%, 12.5%, 24.4% for participants with sleep duration ≤ 5 h, 6 h, 7 h, 8 h, and ≥ 9 h, respectively. Compared with a sleep duration of 7 h(referent), the multivariate odds ratio(95% confidence interval) of depression was 2.46(2.22-2.73), 1.31(1.20-1.44), 1.05(0.96-1.14), and 2.18(1.95-2.42) for sleep duration ≤ 5 h, 6 h, 8 h, and ≥ 9 h, respectively. For the meta-analysis, seven prospective studies were included, involving 25,271 participants for short sleep duration and 23,663 participants for long sleep duration. Compared with the normal sleep duration, the pooled RR for depression was 1.31(95% CI, 1.04–1.64; I2 = 0%) for the short sleep duration overall. For long sleep duration, the pooled RR was 1.42(95% CI, 1.04–1.92; I2 = 0%).Conclusion: Compared with sleep duration of 7 h, there was a positive association between both short and long(≤ 6 and ≥ 9 h) sleep durations and depression in a representative sample of US adults. The meta-analysis also indicates that short and long sleep duration was significantly associated with increased risk of depression in adults.