Studies Of Palynology And Morphological Of Different Chinese Yam (Dioscorea Opposita Thunb.)

Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) is Dioscoreaceae (Dioscoreaceae) Dioscorea (Dioscorea) which is a life or perennial twining herb with underground tubers both for hypertrophy and food or medicine. Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) is one kind of important vegetable crops and important Chinese traditional medicinal plants also with its adaptability, widely distributed and abundant local varieties. There is a rich germplasm in China.It is not clear now or confusion sometimes on the species classification of Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) in case of varieties synonym or homonym of the more prominent phenomenon. It is not easy for Chinese Yam(Dioscorea opposita Thunb.)germplasm collection and breeding .In this paper, 11 Chinese Yam(Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) varieties were as the experimental materials including different botany characters and agriculture characters and biological characteristics. 10 of the materials were study the pollen morphological characteristics by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The main results were as follows.1. 11 Chinese Yam(Dioscorea opposita Thunb.)materials were collected from Shandong province, Hebei province and Inner Mongolian respectively and planted in Hohhot for three years. The major biological characters were observed and investigated. These materials were classified into 3 groups by clustering analysis:1)Halberd-shaped leaf variety; 2)Heart-shaped leaf variety; 3)Triangle leaf variety. The principal component analysis showed that: Chinese Yam(Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) species classification of several keys indicators were: leaf size, flower type, bulbil, stem and tuber character traits.2. Pollen grains of 10 Chinese Yams (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed that the pollen shape of 10 Chinese Yams (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) was spheroidicity with both flat ends and 2 anasulcates. The polar axis length was 11.51μm (10.02~13.90) and the equatorial axis length was 18.53μm (16.21 ~ 21.05). It was a small pollen (10~25μm). There were some significant differences on pollen of 10 Chinese Yams (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) in the long polar axis, equatorial axis and P/E ratio respectively. Exine ornamentation was reticulate, mesh hole, hole-like categories. 10 pollen materials were classified into three categories by Q cluster analysis. Principal component analysis showed that affect Chinese Yam(Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) pollen was the main factor classification pollen shape and exine sculpture.