| Background and Objective:Borna disease virus (BDV) is an enveloped, nonsegmented, mononegative RNA virus. It blongs to Bornavirus, Bornaviridae class in mononegavirales order. BDV is a highly neurotropic virus and is characterized by a low-productive noncytolytic replication. Borna disease (BD) is an immune-mediated neurologic syndrome characterized by behaviour abnormalities, meningeal and parenchymal inflammatory cell infiltrates in the brain, and the accumulation of disease-specific antigen in limbic system neurons. As a natural infection, BD was predominantly found in horses and sheep. Resently there were some reports that the natural infection was also found in llamas, cats, lynx, field birds, foxes, ostrich, cattles. BDV can be experimentally transmitted to a wide variety of animalspecies, from chickens to nonhuman primates. It can be speculated that BDV could infect all warm-blooded animals including humans. The geographic distribution is very wide, including Germany, Switzerland, Austria, the United States, Japan, Iran, Israel, the United Kingdom and Turkey in a recent report. BDV genome is 8.9kb, including six open reading frames (ORFs). The most conservative ORF is ORFⅡ, which codes phosphoprotien (P24). In order to know whether there is an infection of BDV, P24 genome is often detected in the foreign research. Because the clinical signs in BD are similar to neuropsychiatric diseases in humans and the geographic and host distribution of BDV is wide, it is imagined that BDV infection maybe relate to human neuropsychiatric disease. The earliest work to suggest a link between BDV and human mental illness came from a serologic survey in 1985 of 285 patients with affective disorders in the United States, 694 psychiatric patients in Germany, and 200 healthy controls. An indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was used to detect antibodies reactive with a BDV-infected cell line; sera from 12 (4.3%) patients from the United States and four (< 1%) patients from Germany were immunoreactive; no sera from controls were immunoreactive. Then Bode detected BDV-RNA by nested RT-PCR from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in psychiatric patients. Using the same method, Xie detectedBDV-P24 in dipolar mood disorders patients in Japan, which is significantly different with the blood donors. Iwahashi detected BDV-RNA in schizophrenia and significantly different with the blood donors. Nakamura isolated BDV from biopsy brain sample of schizophrenia, it infected gerbils successfully. Bechter detected BDV antibody in 17 acute and chronic meningoencephalitic patients with depression, the prevalence was 70%. Bode detected BDV-P40 serum antibody by immunofluorescence assay, it was 15 positive in 114 patients with multiple sclerosis (chronic progressive MS) and 4 positive in 92 patients with peripheral neuropathy. All of the above resuls support that BDV infection is related to human neuropsychiatric diseases. But there were some reports that didn't support it. Such as Czygan couldn't detect BDV-RNA in brain samples of 86 neuropsychiatric patients, Kubo and Tsuji found no significantly difference between psychiatric patients and blood donors when they detected BDV-P24 RNA in PBMCs, Haase could not detect BDV-RNA in 34 chronic MS (17 primary progressive MS and 17 secondly progressive MS). Whether is there a relation between BDV infection and neuropsychiatric diseases? The objective of our experiments is as follows: (1) whether is there an infection of BDV in China; (2) whether is BDV infection related to human viral encephalitis;(3) whether BDV infection is related to other human neuropsychiatric diseases.Methods: We collected blood samples from 30 neurological patients (19 males, 11 females), the mean age is 44.9±14.8. It includes 20 patients with viral encephalitis (14 males, 6 females, mean age: 43.8±11.0), 5 patients wih MS (2 males, 3 females, mean age: 32.4±14.5), 5 patients with Parkinson's disease(2 males, 3 females, mean age : 62.0±15.0).We also collected the blood... |
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