Expression Of The Genes Related To Proliferation And Apoptosis And Synchronous In Situ Detect Of Apoptosis In Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinogenesis

The constancy of cell quantity of the organism depends on the dynamic equilibrium cell proliferation and apoptosis: The development of carcinoma is the result of the break up of this equilibrium. Esophageal carcinoma is one of the most common human lethal cancers. The incidence rate is particularly high in the district along Taihang Mountains, especially in Linzhou of Henan province of china. The mechanism of esophageal carcinogenesis is still not very clear though many valuable studies have been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the changes of genes related to proliferation (p27, cyclinD1, p53) and apoptosis (p53, bcl-2) and apoptosis in the developmenment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining (s-p method) and apoptosis in situ detect technique (TUNEL staining) were carried out. A systematic case-control study was accepted in considerable samples.The results are as follows: 1 . The expression of cyclinD1, p27, p53, bcl-2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinogenesis . The inmunohistochemical results showed that: The expression of cyclinD1, p53 and bcl-2 in atypical hyperplasia and invasive carcinoma was significantly higherthan normal epithelium mucosae (p<0.01), the expression of p27 in atypical hyperplasia lower than normal esophageal mucosae (p<0.01).The significant negative correlation was found between p27 expression and cyclinD1 expression in esophageal carcinogenesis. These results suggest that the abnormal expression of cyclinD1, p27, p53 and bcl-2 may be an early molecular event in esophageal carcinogenesis and may be used as molecular markers for the early diagnosis. 2.The relationship between the expression of cyclinD1,p27, p53, bcl-2 and the biological behavior of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The immunohistochemical results showed that: the significant difference was found between the expression of p53 gene in cases 50 years old and that incases younger than 50 (p<0.05), these results showed that the expression of cyclinD1, p27, p53 and bcl-2 correlated closely with the biological behavior of the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. They can be useful prognostic markers. 3. The changes of apoptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinogenesis. TUNEL staining results showed significant lower apoptotic index (AI). In atypical hyperplasia and invasive carcinoma (p<0.05 or p<0.01) this illustrated that decreased apoptosis is functionally important in esophageal squamous cell carcinogenesis, results also showed higher AI in invasive carcinoma than atypical hyperplasia (p<0.05), higher AI in invasive the reason of higher may be that ischemia and hypoxia of the carcinoma induced apoptosis. 4 . The relationship between apoptosis and the expression of p53 and bcl-2 in esophageal squmous cell carcinogenesis.TUNEL staining results showed that p53 positive lesions had lower AI than p53 negative lesions (p<0.05), bcl-2 positive lesions had lower AI than bcl-2 negative lesions (p<0.05), indicated that the changes of apoptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is related to accumulation of mtp53 protein.These data indicated that, the abnormal expression of cyclinD1, p27, p53 and bcl-2 correlates with esophageal squamous cell carcinogenesis and malignant biological behavior. It may be an early event in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and may have a prognostic importance. Thus they could be used as important molecular makers in early diagnosis and prognosis.