| This research centered around glycyrrhiza, and its aim was to extract active matters from glycyrrhiza and modify the structure of its active components. It was meant to study the extraction of the effective components of glycyrrhizic acid and the methods of composing the derivatives of glycyrrhetinic acid. Based on the results of the research, the method of extracting glycyrrhizic acid was analyzed and described in a quantitative and qualitative way, and the structure of glycyrrhetinic acid was modified. The paper is characteristic of theoretical discussion, and choice and trial of experimental conditions. It will lay foundation for the further development of glycyrrhiza, the enhancement of pharmacological effect and the development of new medicines.The extraction of glycyrrhizic acid. The quantitative and qualitative description of glycyrrhizic acid was performed in this research. Glycyrrhizic acid, an effective component in glycyrrhiza, is a natural antidote, precious to humans, with significant effect of ACTH, fit for ageing-resistance, anti-inflammation, decompression, increase of body immunity and physiological function. As reported at home and abroad, glycyrrhizic acid can promote immunity restoration of AIDS patients, induce interferon, and inhabit the growth of cancerous cells. In this research, I first extracted glycyrrhizic acid, and on the basis of analyzing the previous researches in the field, established the application of the extraction method of settling glycyrrhizic acid with ammonia water. I then made a solo-component comparative study of the optimum extraction technology, which is reflected hi the discussion of the effects of such single factor as amount of ammonia water, pH value of acid settlement, and time of immersion on obtainment of glycyrrhizic acid. The results showed that when the amount of ammonia water is 21 times, pH value of acid settlement is2, and time of immersion is over 10h, the extraction of glycyrrhizic acid is complete. Besides, glycyrrhiza powder mustn't be too fine; otherwise the solvent will be blocked from complete permeation. I also made a systematic comparison between content of glycyrrhizic acid in different parts of wild and cultivated glycyrrhiza of different years. The results showed that the content of glycyrrhizic acid in wild glycyrrhiza is higher than that in cultivated glycyrrhiza. Three-year glycyrrhiza is the highest in its content of glycyrrhizic acid. The content of glycyrrhizic acid in root is higher than that in leaf. Considering the darkness of pigment in leaf, roots and underground stems were extracted.Glycyrrhetinic acid is peculiar to glycyrrhizic acid, which is of anti-inflammation and anti-allergy. This results in its wide use in medicine and health food. In this research, glycyrrhetinic was prepared by hydrolysis in the following way. Put 12g of glycyrrhizin into 5-time, 5% sulphuric acid. Heat under reflux 14h, depressurize and filter it, and then wash it to neuter. Dry it and thereby crude glycyrrhetinic acid is obtained. Next solve the crude glycyrrhizic acid hi hot chloroform, and filter it when it is still hot. The obtained insoluble matter is discarded. Cool chloroform, let it pass Al2O3 column prepared in advance, and rinse it with CHCl3.Then crystallize it again twice with 80% ethanol and thereby 5.85g of crystal glycyrrhetinic acid is obtained, the recovery rate of which is up to 48.8%.The modification of the structure of glycyrrhetinic acid. In this research, chemical approaches were applied to compose derivatives of glycyrrhetinic acid. Data show that some researchers at home and abroad have tried the modification of the major components extracted from glycyrrhiza. Suck work can reduce its poisonous side effect while increasing its curative effect or resulting in new pharmacological effect Secondly, based on the principle of medicine synthesis, the modification of a major component unit can enhance biological utilization of natural materials, which is beneficial to the satisfaction of different needs in preparation technology.
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