| Objective: Chemotherpy was one of the major treatment for tumor. The important factor for chemotherapy failure was the resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapy drugs. At present indirect proofs suggested that HSF1 could also participate in MDR1 gene expression. The tumor of the kidney was one of the most frequent highly malignant tumor of genitor-urinary system. Its incidence was about 2-3% among the whole somatic malignant tumors, inferior to the carcinoma of bladder. It was easy to lead to drug resistance and congenital resistance. The classical mechanism of drug resistance involves MDRl/P-gp. We investigated the expression of heat shock factor 1 and MDRl/P-gp in human primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and its relationship with drug resistance.Methods: 54 RCC and 10 normal renal tissue were analyzed preoperatively for expression of HSF1 and MDRl/P-gp by SP immunohischemistry (IHC). Results: (1) In normal renal tissue, p-gp was presented in 100% (10/10), but in RCC was 70.37% (38/54), not correlated with the type of histology and stage; (2) In normal renal tissue HSF1 was presented in 100% (10/10), but in RCC was 22% (12/54). Among 12 cases, the clear cell type was 10, the mixed cell type was 2 and the granular cell type was zero; (3) There was some relationship between HSF1 and P-gp.Conclusion: The RCC is highly expressing MDRl/P-gp. MDRl/P-gp exists both in benign and malignant renal tubule epithelial cells. It's more necessary to investigate the relation of HSFi and drug resistance in RCC.
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