| Hepatitis B is one of the important infectious diseases in the world. The transmission pathways include body-fluids, sharing of contaminated needles, blood transfusion, sexual and mother to infant transmission. But some cases still have no obvious exposure history to these dangerous factors. It suggests that there exists other transmission routes. It's reported that the saliva of the HBV carriers may have potent infectious activity. There are related reports about the detection of the serum HBV marker or HBV DNA in the saliva of the HBV patients. HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV DNA have all been detected, but only a few cases were reported and its clinical significance haven't been confirmed. HBV DNA is an important index for HBV replication and infectivity. The object of the study is to establish the method to detect and quantify the HBV DNA in saliva of chronic hepatitis B patients and to explore the potential rule of saliva in the transmission of the infections disease.Methods Sixty hepatits B patients, attending 302 Hospitical of the PLA in 2005, were included in study. At the time of the study, none of patients was receving antiviral treatment. Oral examination was performed to exclude visible lesions of oral musoca. The examination included: recording of plaque index(PI), gingival index(GI) and probing depth(PD). Salivaand blood samples were collected simultaneously and sent for test immediately. The HBV DNA has been isolated from 500 u 1 saliva of patients with CHB by Trizol-chloroform method. The serum antibody or antigen of HBV and HBV DNA in 60 cases have been tested by ELISA and real-time PCR technique. Results 1.The positive rate of HBV DNA in serum and saliva from 60 cases were 90% and 56.7%, and the level of HBV DNA was 6.19±1.17(LogE, copies/ml) in serum and 4.16±0.57(LogE,copies/ml) in saliva. The lever of HBV DNA of former is significant higher than that of later (P<0.05). Of the 54 serum HBV DNA positive patients, 34 were positive in saliva. No HBV DNA was detected in saliva of patients with negative serum HBV DNA. All the 34 patients with positive HBV DNA in saliva were HBV DNA positive in serum simultaneously, the level of HBV DNA was 4.16 ± 0.5 7(LogE, copies/ml) in saliva and 6.24 ± 1.11 (LogE, copies/ml) in serum. The level of HBV DNA of the former is significant lower than that of the later (P<0.05) and the level of the HBV DNA in saliva is not correlated with that in serum (P>0.05).2.Among the 35 patients showing HBsAg, HBeAg and Anti-HBcAg positive, HBV DNA was detected in serum of 35 patients(100%) and 22 in saliva patients(62.9%), the level of HBV DNA was 6.48 ± 1.05(LogE, copies/ml) in serum and 4.22 ± 0.64(LogE, copies/ml) in saliva. Among the 17 patients showing HBsAg, Anti-HBeAg and Anti-HBcAg positive, HBV DNA was detected in serum of 12 patients(70.6%) and 9 patiences in saliva (52.09%), the level of HBV DNA was 6.01 ± 1.24(LogE, copies/ml) in serum and 4.16 ± 0.45(LogE, copies/ml) in saliva. Among the 8 patients showing HBsAg and...
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