| Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a disorder characterized by a set of hormonal changes that trigger disruptive symptoms in a significant number of women for up to two weeks prior to menstruation. Characteristically symptoms may be both physical and emotional. Over 150 symptoms have been attributed to PMS.They may include physical symptoms as headache, migraine, fluid retention, fatigue, constipation, painful joints, backache, abdominal cramping, heart palpitations and weight gain. Emotional and behavioral changes may include anxiety, depression, irritability, panic attacks, tension, lack of coordination, decreased work or social performance and altered libido.Often symptoms tend to taper off with menstruation and women remain symptom-free until the two weeks or so prior to the next menstrual period.Nowadays, treatment of PMS focuses on relieving symptoms and involves exercise, dietary changes, and medication. Different treatments aim at different causes of PMS, and different approaches may relieve some symptoms but not others. Medication mainly includes anti-inflammatory drugs, diuretics, antianxiety drugs and antidepressants drugs, and all these medications only take a small part in treating PMS because of their specificity and severe side effects. Therefore, it is very necessary to investigate much more effective and safe medications. Chastetree and its extract have long history in treating PMS and PMS related complaints, and its newly preparation named Ze440 is getting more and more popular in Europe and America. But the R&D of chastetree is somewhat unpractical in China because of the scarcity of its resource. Fructus Viticis as a classic species is recorded in the pharmacopeia of the PRC and commoly used in clinical practice. It is classified in the same genus, its chemical constituents are similar with those of Chastetree and total flavonoid and casticin contents are even higher. So the R&D of anti-PMS drug from Fructus Viticis is very practical and meaningful. The studies on Fructus Viticis were mainly as following three aspects: 1. Active chemical components of anti-PMS effect1.1 18 single chemical constituents were isolated from Fructus Vitcis with systemic solvent and various chromatography methods, and 13 structures of them were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis as following: rotundifuran, casticin, artemitin, (3-sitosterol,stigmasterol, 5α-stigmanstan-3 , 6-dione,stearic acid, p-hydroxybenzcic acid,vanillic acid, luteolin, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid,agnuside and 5 , 7 ,2 ' 5 ' -tetrahydroxyflavone. Especially, 5a-stigmanstan-3 , 6-dione and 5 , 7 , 2 ' 5 ' -tetrahydroxyflavone were firstly isolated from Fructus Vitcis. These three components, rotundifuran, casticin, and agnuside have a significantly effect related to the PMS;1.2 The anti-PMS activity of Fructus Vitcis was screened with acetic acid-induced writhing animal model and HPRL animal model, which was prepared with macroporous resin and polyamide methods;1.3 Casticin was also tested as one of important active chemical constituents with these same animal models (lOmg/kg, ig);1.4 Some key conditions in the preparation process of the active anti-PMS part of Fructus vitcis were optimized carefully with the content of toal fiavonoid and casticin, and two convenient and economical processes came into being.2. Intraspecific variation2.1 The originl plant of Fructus Viticis is identified as Vitex trifolia h.\ax.simplicifolia Cham but not Vitex trifolia L. through herbalogy study. The Fructus Viticis simplicifoliae is somewhat different from Fructus Viticis trifoliae in such aspects as chemical constituents, pharmocology, herbalogy and quality. Therefore, it is somewhat questionable that the fruits of them are recorded as Fructus Viticis without any differences in the pharmacopeia of the PRC (from 1963 edition to 2005 edition) ;2.2 The geographical distribution of Vitex trifolia L.var. simplicifolia Cham., V. trifolia L., V. negundo var. cannabifolia (Sieb.et Zucc.) Hand.-Mazz. and V. negundo L. was clarified in general, which is in some degree different from that recorded in some florae;2.3 The intraspecific variation of Vitex trifolia L.var. simplicifolia Cham, of different populations was investigated with numerical taxonomy method, NIRDS and RAPD analysis. Vitex trifolia L. var. simplicifolia Cham, distributed in various populations was not only influenced by latitude related conditions but also many other factors. All populations of Vitex trifolia L. var. simplicifolia Cham, could be classified 3 types with numerical taxonomy method, type -1 distributed in low latitude regeons, complexing type-1 , complexing type- II. And 3 types were also classified with NIRDS method, distributed in low latitude regeons, type - I distributed in mainly producing area, complexing type-1 . Vitex trifolia L.var. simplicifolia Cham., V. trifolia L., V. negundo var. cannabifolia (Sieb.et Zucc.) Hand.-Mazz. and V. negundo L. could be specifically identified with RAPD... |
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