Effect Of Dietary Fat And Fatty Acids Composition On Serum Lipids Levels In Rural Residents

Objective: Investigating the condition of diets intakes by residents in rural areas . Analyzing the effect of the energy, fat intake and fatty acids composing to the serum lipids level. Providing the theory's basis to prevent and control the cardiovascular disease , to draw up the nutrition policy and to properly adjust diet structure. Method: Random sampling 194 healthy people (male 60,female 134) aged 8-70y (average 41.47y) from rural areas in Zibo city. Recording all foods intakes within 24 hours continually for three days. Counting the level of energy, fat, protein, carbohydrate, the dietary fiber and cholesterols intakes everyday according to the food composition form . The average proportion of energy gotten from fat, protein, carbohydrate, SFA, MUFA, PUFA was also calculated. Analyzing the dietary structure of rural residents currently. Meanwhile sampling the empty stomach vein blood to investigate the level of serum TC, TG, HDL and LDL. Analyzing the correlativity among dietary fat , fatty acids and serum lipids. Applying Microsoft Excel 2000 and SPSS 11.5 to analyses all data. Results:(1) The energy and nutriment that residents intake is: energy 2122.61 ±635.70 kcal/d, carbohydrate 304.27±104.28 g/d, protein 73.54±25.33 g/d, fat 59.26±19.72 g/d, cholesterol 361.09±289.06 mg/d, dietary fiber 13.36 ± 5.10 g/d. The percentage of energy provided by fat and three kinds of fatty acids to the total energy are respectively: fat 25.44%, saturated fatty acid( SFA) 5.71%, monounsaturated fatty acid ( MUFA) 10.43%, polyunsaturated fatty acid( PUFA) 9.30%.The constitute ratioof fatty acids: SFA: MUFA: PUFA is about 1:1.8:1.6. PUFA : SFA ( P/ S) is by average 1.72/1.(2) The levels of serum lipids in mral residents are respectively: total cholesterol(TC) 4.17 ± 0.97(mmol/L), triglyceride(TG) 1.02 ± 0.59(mmol/L), the high density lipoprotein(HDL) 1.43 ±0.35 (mmol/ L), the low density lipoprotein (LDL) 2.26 + 0.79(mmol/ L).(3) There are no significant correlation among sex, smoking and serum lipids .But there are significant positive correlation among age, alcohol and serum lipids .(4) Positive correlation exists in TG and APOA1 ; protein-provided energy ratio, TC and LDL ; cholesterol intake and APOA1. There are negative correlations among the composing ratio of carbohydrate-provided energy, TC and APOA1. There is no significant correlation between the dietary fiber and serum lipids(5) In the group aged under 18 years old there are negative correlations among dietary fat , SFA and serum lipids, while there being negative correlations, between the cholesterol and LDL ( P<0.05).In the group aged 18-39 years old , positive correlations exist in: dietary fat and HDL;SFA , TC and LDL( PO.01); SFA and APOB100 ( PO.05). MUFA, HDL and APOA1 ( PO.05); PUFA and HDL( PO.05) . negative correlation exist in: PUFA and TG; P/S , TC and LDL ( PO.01); P/S and APOB100s( P<0.05).(6) When saturated fatty acid provide 4-5% of total energy, it can lower the TG( p<0.05)and also improve the HDL( p<0.01). When monounsaturated fatty acid provide 9-11% of the total energy, it can lower the TC( p<0.05), HDL (p<0.05) and LDL( p<0.05). Polyunsaturated fatty acids more than 7% of the total energy ,it lower the TG in plasma( p<0.05).(7) When S/ M/ P is 1:2.0:1.5, LDL and TC are lowest while HDL and APOA1 are relatively higher .When S/ M/ P is 1:2.8:2.4, ApoB100^ TC? LDL> TG are relatively lower while HDL higher. When S/M/P 1:1.4:1.0, TG^ TC> LDL> ApoBlOOareall in lower level.Conclusion:(1) The research shows that the energy intake is lower, the fat intake is relatively reasonable, the cholesterol intake is higher, and child's protein intake is lower than the recommended standard in China.(2) The SFA intake is relatively less while MUFA and PUFA more ,which accords with adult intake standard in China.(3) The average serum lipids of rural residents falls inside the scope of the normal level.(4) The dietary fat and fatty acids make notable impact upon the serum lipids only below the age of 40 years old .In the group of 18 years below, the dietary fat can lower the serum HDL. In 18-39 years old group dietary fat can promote the serum HDL; Saturated fatty acid can improve serum TC, LDL and APOB100 but lower the HDL; The monounsaturated fatty acid can improve the serum HDL and APOA1; pufa/ sfa can lower the serum TC, LDL and APOB100.(5) The influence of dietary fat and the fatty acids upon the serum lipids level is very complex. We must consider the composing of the dietary fatty acids when studying the influence of them upon the serum lipids. It will produce a good effect when we adjust diet structure properly to make S/M/P is 1:2.0:1.5 or 1:2.8: 2.4.