The Study On The Serum Selenium Level In Children Aged 3-6 In Shenyang City And The Influence To The Growth And Development Of Children

IntroductionChildren selenium deficiency is one of the current the major nutrition deficiencies in the world. Recently, followed by studying nutrition deficiency on children more deeply, more and more people pay attention to prevention and cure problem of children selenium deficiency.Nutrition deficiency are concerned by our country, but the understanding is shortage to selenium deficiency. So the selenium deficiency has become the extensive disease of nutrition deficiency. Because of its untypical clinical manifests , selenium deficiency is apt to be neglected . If selenium deficiency is not treat in time, it may result in the body defense and immunity function lower, growth and development slower, anemia etc. The children health would be affected.By assay of the serum selenium, hemoglobin contents and questionnaire investigation among 1004 children age from 3 to 6, so that we can understand distribution condition of Children serum selenium and explore the relation between Children serum selenium and children growth and development , then on the base of which we can put forward the prevention and cure measure.Subjects and methods1. The selection method and standard of objectsUsing the method of clustering multistage sampling method, 10 kinder -garten were selected from five city area of ShenYang . All children aged 3 - 6 inthe selected 10 kindergarten were investigated . Other condition such as the chronic disease of heart, brain, kidney etc. , serious rickets disease ,endocrine disease were excluded . There were 1004 children ( boys 537 , girls 467) being selected at last.2. The contents of epidemiological surveyQuestionnaires were filled by means of inquiring and measurement in sites. The contents of survey included: general characteristics, previous diseases history , meal circumstance and so on , and measurement of the body height and weight, etc.3. The collection of blood sample and detection index(1) The collection of blood sample:(I)Under no strong sunlight, @ 0. 5 ml blood sample (from ear) were drawn from an antecubital vein after an overnight fast. After centrifugation ,the serum fraction was removed and frozen in aliquots at - 20 °C until assayed. The serum was measure of serum selenium. 20jxl(from the left hand ring finger) blood sample were drawn from an antecubital vein after an overnight fast. The blood sample was measure of hemoglobin.(2) Detection index and chemical measurementsSerum selenium was measured by Atom Spectro - luminosipy Instrument. Hemoglobin was measured by hemoglobin analyer (CELL - DYN1700, America).4. Diagnosis standard( 1) The diagnosis standard of serum selenium: According to Baum propose the diagnosis standard, child was defined as serum selenium^60jxg /L.(2) The diagnosis standard of anemia: According to Pediatric Medicine propose the diagnosis standard, 6 months - 6 years old: Child was defined as Hemoglobin ^ 1 lOg/L. 6 - 14ears old: Child was defined as Hemoglobin ^ 120g/L.5. Statistical method;A database was created by FoxPro after quantity examination of data. The statistical methods were t - test, variance analysis, x test. The software used was SPSS10.0.Results1. The distribution character of children serum selenium1. 1 The level of serum selenium in childrenThe highest value is 81. 20(xg/ L, and the lowest value is 20. 55jxg/ L. The average level of serum selenium in total subjects is 52. 63 ± 10. 99u,g/L.1. 2 The level of serum selenium among different age groupsThere was a significant statistical difference (F=212. 122,P<0.01) a-mong different age groups in the level of serum selenium.1. 3 The distribution character of serum selenium between sexThe average level of selenium is 53. 68 ±11. 19(xg/ L for boys, 51.43 ± 10. 55jxg / L for girls. The significant difference ( t =3. 260, P < 0. 01) was found between the boys and girls.1. 4 The distribution character of serum selenium among different age groups for different sexThe analysis showed that there was a significant statistical difference ( F = 144. 676, P <0.01 ) among different age groups for boys . There was a signify -cant statistical difference (F =75. 253,P <0. 01 ) among different age groups for girls.1. 5 The distribution character of serum selenium among different economic condition of family groupsThe level of serum selenium was no significant trend of increase and descent among different economic condition. The analysis showed that there was no a significant statistical difference ( F =0.544, P>0.05 ) among different economic condition of family groups.1. 6 The distribution character of serum selenium among different meal g roupsThe analysis showed that there was no a significant statistical difference ( P >0.05) between different meal quantity groups. In addition to fish, the level of serum selenium of the seafood, liver, meat, birds, egg, soy, fresh mushroom, garlic is different on meal quantity groups.2. the association between selenium deficiency and the children s growth and development2. 1 The relation between children height and Z score in case and controlThere was significant statistical difference ( t = 15. 144, P < 0. 01) between children height in case and control. There was statistical difference ( t = 3.402, P < 0. 01) between children Z sore of height in case and control.2. 2 The association between children weight and Z score in case and controlThere was significant statistical difference ( t =9. 514, P <0.01 ) between children weight in case and control. There was no statistical difference ( t = 1. 477, P >0. 05) between children Z sore of weight in case and control.2. 3 The correlation between hemoglobin in case and controlThere was significant statistical difference ( t=4.531, P<0.01 ) betweenhemoglobin in case and control.2.4 The relation between anemia incidence rate in case and control There was statistical difference (x =5. 096, P < 0. 05) between anemiaincidence rate in case and control.3. The incidence rate of children selenium deficiency3.1 The incidence rate of selenium deficiency between SexThe selenium deficiency incidence rate is 73. 80%. The selenium deficiency incidence rate of boys and girls are 71. 51% , 76.77% respectively. The a-nalysis showed that there was no statistical difference(x =3. 149, P >0. 05) between boys and girls.3. 2 The incidence rate of selenium deficiency between different age groupsThe selenium deficiency incidence rate in the 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 6 years groups are 96.49% , 87.62% , 64. 55% , 39. 30% respectively. The risk of selenium deficiency is low in high age. To compare with 3 years groups, there was significant statistical difference ( x =13.095, x =76.377, x =165.417, P <0. 01 ) between 4 years and 3 years, between 5 years and 3 years, between 6 years and 3 years.Discussion1. The distribution character of the level of serum seleniumMany study data showed that Children selenium deficiency have relation with age and sex, while most experts nowadays consider that this tendency is related with growth and development. The study results show that there was statistical difference between different age groups for aged 3 - 6, between different age groups for boys, between different age groups for girls. The age is younger, and the need is more, and they are easy to lack. Especially children over 4 years, the level of serum selenium increase obviously with the growth, which is similar to result being studied by Ania.The level of serum selenium for boys was higher than that of girls, and there was significant statistical difference between sex. The reason was the change of food categories and growth and development. There are different result between ShenYang and Tianjin, between ShenYang and WenZhou.Meal survey result shows that such as seafood, liver, meat, birds, egg, soy, fresh mushroom, garlic , the selenium content is higher. But LiaoNing is placed in the selenium deficiency District, the selenium in the food content would be relatively lower than other area. So there was no statistical difference between different meal quantity groups.2. The relation between selenium deficiency and the children growth and developmentThere was statistical difference between anemia incidence rate in case and control. The selenium participates the VB12, the folic acid and the iron metabolisms. The selenium lacks can make them metabolize the mess to result in anemia.This experiment result shows at the same time that there was significant statistical difference between hemoglobin in case and control. But all children hemoglobin level were not changed by selenium deficiency.There was statistical difference between the average level of height and weights in case and control. There was statistical difference between Z score of. 10 .height in case and control. There was statistical difference between Z score of height and weights in case and control. Selenium deficiency affects the normal height and weights in children. It is because selenium deficiency children may less level of growth hormone and affect the development for children.3. The incidence rates of selenium deficiencyThis investigation showed that children of selenium deficiency are 741. The incidence rates of selenium deficiency is 73. 80%. Because LiaoNing Province is placed in the selenium deficiency District, Selenium intake deficiency may be the direct reasons for selenium deficiency.Seniority of our study: Our study is the first time to investigate on the serum selenium level in children aged 3 -6 in ShenYang city and the influence to the growth and development of children. The study uses large - sample children as objects.Limitation of our study: Although this study is based on large sample of crowed , our surveys enrolled the population from the ShenYang City, Liao Ning Province. So inference of results to other population demands caution. The present study is a cross sectional study, which can only suggest the causal relationship.Conclusion(l)The the level of serum selenium in children aged 3 -6 is 52. 63 ± 10. 99(2) Selenium deficiency incidence rate in 3 - 6 years old children is 73.80%.(3) Selenium deficiency body development level is lower than the normal children of the same age.(4)Selenium deficiency causes anemia.