Assessment And Intervention Of Pain In Infants

Objective To observe physiological changes, behavior score and nonpharmacologic analgesia of infants during heel prick to collect blood. To investigate methods of assessment and intervention of pain in infants. While neonates are salvaged, they are provided best life quality.Methods 100 term newborns were divided randomly into five groups of 20and each group was treated with a different procedure during heel prick: ①control group②placebo group③glucose group ④ non-nutritive sucking group ⑤glucose plus non-nutritive sucking group. Heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, mean blood pressure before and after heel stick were compared. The pain behavior reaction scores during heel prick of five groups were compared with Douleur Aigue Nouveau-ne scale(DAN) and preterm infant pain profile(PIPP). Latency to cry and cry duration after heel prick were compared. Incidence rate of no cry and Incidence rate of little or no pain after heel prick were compared.Results There were no statistically significant differences in the heart rate and respiratory rate of neonates in five groups before heel stick (P>0.05). Heart rate of neonates in five groups more significantly increased after heel stick than that of before heel stick(P<0.01). Heart rate changes of neonates in the three interventions (GS, NNS, GS+NNS) was less than that in control (P<0.05). Respiratory rate of neonates in five groups more significantly increased after heel stick than that of before (P<0.05). Respiratory rate of neonates in intervention gropes more rapidly decreased than that of control and placebo. There were no statistically significant differences in the oxygen saturation, mean blood pressure of neonates in five groups before ang after (P > 0.05). The duration of the cry in glucose and glucose plus NNS group were significantly shorter than that in control, placebo,NNS group (P<0.01). Incidence rates of no cry and little or no pain were significantly higher than that in control, placebo, NNS group (P<0.05). DAN scores and PIPP scores in intervention groups were significantly lower than thats in control, placebo group(P<0.01). The analgesic effect of glucose is more effective than non-nutritive sucking.Conclusion ① Heart rate and respiratory rate of neonates more increased duringheel prick to collect blood. Gluco? ,e is effective in preventing increasing of heart rate and respiratory rate after heel stick. < ilucose can short cry duration after heel prick. Glucose, non-nutritive sucking, glucose p'.us non-nutritive sucking can reduce DAN score and PIPP score after heel prick. The analgesic effects of them are clinically apparent in term newborns during heel stick. Q) Heart rate, respiratory rate, cry duration, DAN score and PIPP score are effective indications to assess of pain in infants. Measures of nonpharmacologic analgesia are simple and effective. These interventions should be widely used for minor procei lures in neonates.