| Background and Objective: The discovery of neural stem cells (NSCs) has brought us into an epoch of neural restoration and changed the traditional concept that neural cells have not the ability to regenerate. However, NSCs is greatly limited because which largely stem from abortive fetus whose source is limited and can give rise to ethical controversy. Therefore, it is very important to discover new sources of stem cells for basic and clinical studies in neuroscience field.Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are derived from single layer of extraembryonic mesoderm. They are characterized by being multi-potential and capable of self renewal. Thus, they may differentiate into various types of cell. MSCs were initially identified in human postnatal bone marrow (BM). For clinical use, human adult BM is the most common source of MSCs. however, not only the isolation of such stem cells from individuals is invasive and painful but also the expansion potency and differentiation capability decrease with age. In recent years, alternative sources for stem cells have been described including peripheral blood cell, umbilical cord blood cell, muscle cell, and exfoliated deciduous teeth mesenchymal... |
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