| 1. SummarizeIt had been thought that once the neurons in central nervous system (CNS) died,the ones in adult brain and spine could not regenerate. Therefore, the functional reestablishment of the injured CNS seemed impossible upon the old traditional view. The breakthrough development was not taken until the scientists separated the multipotency stem cells from human embryo and successfully induced and differentiated into neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro firstly in 1998. The NSCs were found to be further differentiated into the nerve tissue cells such as neurons and glias. The conventional idea that the neurons in brain tissues cannot regenerate then faceed the new challenge. Most importantly, the scientists found that stem cells existed not only in fetus but also in adult brain tissues and peripheral nervous tissues , which could be induced into three cell lines in the brain. Another important finding was the plasticity of adult NSCs, which means adult stem cells can differentiate into not only the cells of their own lineage, but also the ones of other lineage.The self-renewal and multi-differntiation potency of NSCs cast new light on the repairation and treatment of brain and spinal cord injury, Pakinson disease and progression degenerate disease... |
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