Patterns Of Spasmodic Dysphonia And Therapy

Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a chronic neurological disorder of central motor processing affecting the voice. Whereas in the past it was diagnosed and treated as a psychiatric disorder, it is currently considered to be a focal dystonia affecting the intrinsic laryngeal muscles. Among the various types described are adductor, abductor and mixed SD, and adductor SD is the most common form. SD was regarded as an euromuscular diseases, so its diagnosis, classification, treatment and follow-up should depend on not only clinical manifestation but also Electromyography (EMG). Presently, for controlling the dystonic symptoms, the most effective therapy for most of those patients is local BOTOX injections. Other therapy such as surgery, radiofrequency and so on have being researched.