Research On Coupling Characteristics Of Knee Joint And Gait Analysis On Anterior Instability Of Knee

The bionics is technological science to study the structures, characters, elements, behavior and interaction of the biologic system, in order to provide the new design idea working principle and system structure for the engineering. Nowadays, the bionics research mainly classified as five aspects including configuration bionics, morphology bionics, structure bionics, biomaterial and functional bionics, respectively. As the development of bionic research, complex problems have been found difficult to solve under the condition of using bionics method including one or two kinds of field. More and more research have presented that a private function of one animal was achieved by the cooperation of surface morphology, tissue structure and component material factors. We can also call this cooperation of factors which are advantage to the function's achievement as"biological coupling". Bionics based on the mechanism and principles of biological coupling is"coupling bionics".This paper studied"cooperation"of knee, by studied pertinence and adjustability to the special condition, to search the biological coupling characteristic, meanwhile by using the 3D motion capture analysis system to capture the lower extremity data of the patient who has the anterior instability on the knee due to the ACL injury. from one typical gait which has the special function, by analysising the compensatory mechanism and searching the biological coupling characteristic. The result of this paper provide fundamental information on further study of coupling bionics.Taking the Anterior Cruciate Ligament of knee as the research objects, via the anatomy to observe and analyses the modality, structure and position, and the coupling mode and coupling characteristics of the stability of the ACL were studied.The paper selects the proper coupling element from the bionic, integrates the morphology, tissue structure, component material factors of the ligament and the biomechanical changes when there is the knee anterior instability, to research the mechanism and the rule of the coupling. The knee joint joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two articulations: one between the femur and tibia, and one between the femur and patella, Since thigh and leg are longer and there are few muscles surrounding the knee, it is the joint most vulnerable to acute injury during the sport, thus the stability of ligament around the knee is vital for strengthen the stability of the knee from the microcosmic to macrocosmic the morphology, tissue structure, component material factors. At the end part of the ACLs, the Ruffini receptors and Golgi tendon organs could be the sensor for the loads, and avoid injuries. Being the receptors for stimuli, it could correspond for the muscles contractions, and support the stability indirectly by preventing the tibia forward to prevent the injuries. In the point of histology, the ACL which has the similar characteristics as cartilage is different from the ligament in the traditional ideas. Due to the different environment, the ACL adapts the systematization for it. This coupling characteristics supply the anti-shock ability during the long-time movement. The normal load for the ACL is from 500N to 700N, the losing effect intensity of entire ACL is about 1700N along the tibia axes, and 2400N along the ACL axes. These load outclass the weight of the human, so the ACL could protect the knee joint. Even facing the shock, the ACL could protect the knee joint from the injury in a certain extent.Meanwhile, by using the Vicon motion analysis system and Kistler force plate, the data of walking gestures of the ACL was captured and analysised. The kinetical and kinematical data were obtained. The data indicated the changes of the gait after the ACL ruptured result from many bionic elements.The results of time-distance parameters indicated that there had no lameness due to dissymmetry of affected and uninjured side limb on time-distance parameters after ACL injury, but the efficiency of walking was lower to some extent by decreased gait frequency and speed and prolonged gait circle that led to complaint and unsteadiness of knee after injury.The kinematics results demonstrated that the joint angle of extremity had adaptable changes produced by nervomuscular control system after injury.The kinemics showed that the other joints of affected extremity and joints of unaffected extremity both had adaptable changes, which was compensation profiting knee stability after injury.