Survey, Analysis And Assessment Of Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) 2004-2007, Chongqing

The medicine industry thrives on the development and progress of human society, and the unceasing invention of new drugs is pouring renewed vitality into conquering a variety of diseases. There is, however, a widespread concern for the adverse drug reaction's menace to human health. In the mid-twentieth century, Thalidomide invented in West Germany in 1956 to treat pregnancy discomfort led to 6,000 to 8,000 seal-limbed-like deformed babies in their own country alone. 8-hydroxyquinoline applied for curing malaria in Japan caused over 8,000 patients paralyzed or blinded. Calomel has been applied in medicine for a millennium, but was proved in 1950's to be the prime culprit causing limb pains and 585 children's death. There have been no medical catastrophes in China so far, but severe illnesses induced by drugs continue to show an upward tendency. Some adverse drug reactions are directly named after relevant drugs, such as Nitrofurantion lung, Phenacetinum kidney, aspirin stomach and tetracycline tooth. Besides, it is a matter of common occurrence that some adverse drug reactions are so severe as to cause a patient's deformation, mutation, or even cancer. These miserable drug catastrophes bring about agony for an army of patients, and result in unhappiness for a lot of families. People have been shaken and awakened to these distressing incidents.Since 1960's, the adverse drug reaction reporting and monitoring system in modern sense was established one after another throughout the world. Monitoring of the adverse drug reaction got off to a late start in China, and is comparatively less advanced. The National ADR Monitoring Center was set up in 1989, but Chongqing ADR Monitoring Center was established as late as in 2005, and received over 1,000 ADR case reports in 2007. Incidents involved with Methotrexate, Houttuynia cordata, and the drugs manufactured by the Second Pharmaceutical Factory, Qiqihaer made us realize the importance of enhancing the monitoring of new drugs appearing on the market so as to avoid the adverse reaction induced by drugs that are used by a large number of people, and to ensure safe medicine-taking on the part of patients.This thesis first generalizes the significance, status quo both home and abroad as well as basic concepts related to monitoring the adverse drug reaction. Next, on the basis of theories and research methods of monitoring the adverse drug reaction both home and abroad, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis and assessment of the ADR reports gathered by Chongqing ADR Monitoring Center by means of referring to bibliography, of gathering information, of retrospective analytic methods, of both Microsoft Excel electronic statistics and manual screening. It also makes a comprehensive analysis and assessment of chiefly involved patients, main categories of drugs, effectiveness and result of treatment, relationships between cause and effect, and medicine-taking channels and the like. Furthermore, it examines their relevance to ADR reports, analyzes the problems in these reports, and finally, generalizes and analyzes severe adverse drug reactions which are of practical significance to clinical medicine. The results indicate that the anti-microbial drugs come first and Chinese patent medicine comes second among the drugs involved with the adverse drug reaction currently in Chonging, that the damage of skin and its accessory is the most common in the organs and systems involved with the adverse drug reaction, that intravenous drip of injection doses is the most common in relevant types of doses and prescribing channels, and that doctors and druggists come first among people reporting ADR cases. The results also show that the incidence of severe ADR currently in Chongqing is the most common among the elderly and the children, that oversensitive shocks come first in the severe ADR cases involved, that antibiotic comes first and Chinese patent medicine and vaccine come second in the drugs involved, and that intravenous drip is the most common in prescribing channels.In order to further solve problems in current ADR monitoring, propaganda and training are to be enhanced, the ADR legal system is to be perfected, the ADR monitoring system is to be amplified, the means and methods of reporting and monitoring ADR cases are to be positively explored, and re-assessment of new drugs on the market is to be perfected. Thus, the research of ADR cases is not supposed to linger at the stage of simple data analysis, but rather, it should be conducted in a variety of perspectives by means of medicine economics and epidemiology so as to attain the goal of justifiable prescribing, which is of great significance both to individuals and to the society at large. In order to ensure patients'health and to defend the rights and interests of drug consumers, an indemnity system related to the adverse drug reaction should be established to free the drug consumers from any possible subsequent worries.