Impact On The Regulation Of Body Fluid And Cardiovascular Homeostasis In Offspring By Maternal High Sucrose During Pregnancy

Part 1 The effect of maternal high sucrose on body fluid homeostasis in the offspringObjective:To determine the effect of exposure to high sucrose during gestation on the regulation of body fluid homeostasis in the adult male offspring.Methods:The two group offsprings,prenatal high sucrose offspring(HS) and control offspring,were determined the function and morphology.1)The body weight was measured.2)blood gases and electrolytes were determined with a Nova analyzer,plasma osmolality was determined with an advanced digmatic osmometer.3)Water and salt intake were determined after intracerebroventricular angiotensinâ…¡(Angâ…¡).4) After water deprivation for 24h,the water intake and 1.8%salt intake were measured.5) Protein of Angâ…¡receptors(ATR) in the adult kidney were determined with western-blot.6) Renal histology of the adult offspring were assessed.Results:Following prenatal exposure to high sucrose,the weight of the body,heart and kidney in the offspring was the same as that of the control After ICV injiection of Angâ…¡, water intake and 1.8%salt intake of the offspring exposure to maternal high sucrose were significantly increased.After WD 24h,the water intake and 1.8%salt intake in the offsprings exposure to maternal high sucrose were significantly increased.Maternal high sucrose during pregnancy significantly changed ATR proteins in the kidney.The micrangium wall of the glomerular became thicker in the offspring with prenatal exposure to high sucrose.Conclusion:Maternal high sucrose during pregnancy significantly affected drinking behavior,the ATR protein and the structure of the kidney in the offspring.The body fluid homeostasis of adult offspring was imprinted by prenatal high sucrose. Part 2 The effect of maternal high sucrose during pregnancy on the cardiovascular imprinting in the offspring.Objective:To determine the effect of maternal high sucrose during pregnancy on cardiovascular responses in the offspring.Methods:The two group offsprings,prenatal high sucrose offspring(HS) and control offspring of cardiovascular responses were tested following intravenous injection of AT₂R antagonist(PD123319),AT₁R antagonist(Losartan) and Angâ…¡.Vessel contractility and vasodilatation also was determined.The effect of PD123319 and Losartan to Angâ…¡induced constraction was determined.The plasma angiotensinâ… (Angâ… ) and Angâ…¡concentrations of adult offspring were measured by radioimmunoassay.Protein of Angâ…¡receptors(ATR) in the adult heart were determined with western-blot.The heart of the adult offspring were stained with HE for histological assessment.Results:Blood pressure responses to injection of PD,Losartan and Angâ…¡were significantly enhanced in the male adult offspring in HS group compared to the control. Compared to control,vasoconstriction of the thoracic aorta and mesenteric artery to Angâ…¡was increased,vasodilatation to acetylcholine(ACh) was attenuated in the adult offspring of HS group,the Ratio was increased in the calcium images.Comparied to the control gooup,the plasma Angâ… concentrations of HS offspring was increased,but the Angâ…¡concentrations was decreasaed.Maternal high sucrose during pregnancy significantly changed ATR proteins in the heart.About the HE stain,comparied with the C group,basal membrane of glomerularof prenatal high sucrose offspring showen thicker,intercapillary cells shown hyperplasia.Conclusion:Prenatal exposure to high sucrose may affect cardiacvascular functions in the offspring,and increase risks of development of hypertension.