Cognitive Development And Its Clinical Application In Normal Children: A Resting-state FMRI Study

Objective To investigate the characteristics of cognitive development in elementary school children using rest-fMRI methods,and the characteristics of brain function with in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) in resting state using functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).Methods 29 normal school children divided into three groups according to their ages(8 age group,10 age group,12 age group),14 children with ADHD and 15 normal school children that match age,gender and years of education with ADHD children were experienced resting-state fMRI scans,A regional homogeneity(ReHo) approach was used to analyze blood oxygen level-dependent fMRI(BOLD-fMRI) data in resting state.The fMRI data were processed with software SPM2 and REST 1.2.Results Part 1 Compared with younger groups(10vs 8,12 vs 10,12 vs 8), elder groups should more increasing in superior temporal gyrus,middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus,lentiform nucleus.In addition,the ReHo differences showed superior frontal gyrus,middle frontal gyrus,medial frontal gyrus,lingual gyrus and cerebellum were more increased in 12 years old group(12 vs 10,12 vs 8).And the precuneus and posterior cingutate showed increasing ReHo value with the age growing(12 vs 8).Part 2 Compared with the normal controls,ADHD showed decreased ReHo in bilateral inferior parietal lobule,left middle frontal gyrus,left middle temporal gyrus, left precuneus,right insula and right cerebellum.And ADHD showed increased ReHo in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus.Conclusions The function of execution control,accommodation of attention, visual spatial integration and default mode network were gradually developed with increasing age.Compared with the normal controls,ADHD showed abnormal neural activity in several brain regions which were related to execution control,attention and default mode network.