| [Objective]To evaluate the efficiency of different methods for removing organophosphorus pesticide and pyrethroid pesticide residues from vegetables, and to evaluate the hazard of long-term low dose organophosphorus pesticide intake on the activity of enzymes.[Method]1. The research on degradation method for removing organophosphorus pesticideVegetables including leeks, spinach, cabbage, legume were contaminated with dichlorvos, omethoate, chlorpyrifos, and then treated with different organophosphorus pesticide removing methods such as water soak, brine, caustic water, boiling water, sunbeam, storage and pesticide-degrading enzyme. The pesticide residue of vegetables was detected by GC for calculating the removal rate.2. The research on degradation method for pyrethroid pesticideVegetables including leeks, spinach, cabbage, legume were contaminated with deltamethrin and fenvalerate, then treated with different pyrethroid pesticide removing methods such as water soak, brine, caustic water, boiling water, hydrogen peroxide, sunbeam, storage and washing liquid. The pesticide residue of vegetables was detected by HPLC for calculating the removal rate.3. The research of affection on activity enzymes of mice by pesticide residues in vegetablesThe organicphosphorus pesticide maximum residue limits set by national standards was as low-dose group, the mean content of dichlorvos and omethoate in vegetables reported in literatures as middle-dose group, and 2 times dose of middle-dose group as high-dose group respectively. The doses were conversed to mice according to weight, and given to each mice group for consecutively 28 days.[Result]1.The research of degradation method for removing organophosphorus pesticideAfter the vegetables were treated by different organophosphorus pesticide removing methods, the average removal rates of dichlorvos,omethoate and chlorpyrifos were 95.5%～99.7%,22.5%～95.0%,51.7%～94.6%in Chinese chive, 86.4%～99.7%,0.96%～90.6%,72.9%-93.9% in spinach,87.2%～99.3%,10.0%～87.4%,45.3%～90.6% in cabbage and 57.8%～97.1%,34.8%～83.1%,28.0%～73.6% in legume. The removal effect of every method was good to dichlorvos in the four vegetables with the higher average rate than 85%. Boiling water, light and organic phosphorus pesticide-degrading enzyme were among the best to omethoate with removal rate 61.7%,75.8%,80.4%, respectively. The boiling water, light and organic phosphorus pesticide-degrading enzyme demostrated better relatively to chlorpyrifos.2.The research of degradation method for pyrethroid pesticideAfter the vegetables were treated by different pyrethroid pesticide removing methods, the average removal rates of deltamethrin and fenvalerate were 15.0%～54.1%,26.8%～45.1% in Chinese chive,21.6%～43.0%,23.4%～45.4% in spinach, 22.2%～51.7%,27.7%～45.4% in cabbage and 12.8%～48.0%,32.0%～43.2%in legume. The removal effects of all the methods to deltamethrin and fenvalerate were unsatisfactory. The average removal rates of hydrogen peroxide and washing fluid were relatively good in all methods, with 46.2%,43.4%to deltamethrin and 43.1%,41.6%to fenvalerate.3.The research of affection on active enzymes of mice by pesticide residues in vegetablesCompare with control group, the content of AKP was exaltation with the exposure dose escalating in each experimental group, but without significant difference (P>0.05); the content of BuCHE (U/mgProt) in high-dose(0.23±0.08) of dichlorvos and high-dose (0.23±0.04) of omethoate both decreased with significant difference (P<0.05) comparing with control group(033±0.04); the content of ACHE (U/mgProt) in high-dose(0.81±0.44) of dichlorvos also demonstrated decreasing, and the decrease was significant (P<0.05) comparing with control group(1.38±0.39).[Conclusion]1. Sunbeam,organophosphorus pesticide-degrading enzyme and boiling water were more effective for the removal of organophosphorus pesticide than other removing methods. Considering the nutrient loss in vegetables, we think that the sunbeam and organophosphorus pesticide-degrading enzyme were more effective on organophosphorus pesticide.2. The removal effects of all the methods to pyrethroids were unsatisfactory, therefore, the reason and optimization of removal method need to be further studied. The hydrogen peroxide and washing liquid for the removal of pyrethroid pesticide were better relatively.3. Intake of high pesticide residue would have certain impact on BuCHE and ACHE of mice. Intake of low pesticide residue would not damage to mice. |
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