| Objective To describe the demographic characteristics of pregnant women and weight gain data, investigating the relationship between nutrition factors in pregnancy and maternal weight gain, in order to offer them a dietary recommendation to guide the prenatal care.Methods The participants were the pregnant women in the third trimester who had lived in the affiliated hospital of Anhui Medical University with plan to delivery in this hospital between Oct 2008 and Dec 2009, we informed their consent and established an observation cohort. At last completed data of 827 subjects were collected. The basic information of the pregnant women and weight gain data who were in the cohort were gathered, the intake of the food and dietary nutrients that each pregnant women had eaten respectively in the later phase of their pregnancy also were recorded. The follow-up cohort was ended up to the baby was delivered 24 hours, the information about the parturition condition and newborn was collected from the obstetric records and the maternal health manual. We used food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour dietary recall method to evaluate the intake of nutrients of each pregnant women. According to the weight gain we divided the pregnant women into three groups of normal weight gain(weight gain 11.5~16kg), low weight gain(weight gain <11.5kg) and high weight gain(weight gain≥16kg). In the analysis of weight gain during pregnancy, we investigate the maternal factors which affect maternal weight gain and significant dietary factors. Results Pregnant women's physical status, socio-economic data and dietary factors in the third trimester had an impact on pregnancy weight gain:(1) The average weight gain of pregnant women was (17.04±5.24)kg, according to the IOM's recommendation that normal pregnancy weight gain range from 11.5kg to 16kg. Maternal weight gain in this survey was more than the recommendation, 58.95% of the pregnant women's weight gain≥16kg.(2) Pregnant women's occupation, education, family income, region of residence and other socio-economic factors can affect the pregnancy weight gain. The pregnancy weight gain of different age was significant(P<0.01). With pregnant women's age increased, pregnant women's delivery weight and delivery BMI also increased, with pre-pregnancy BMI's increased, women's weight gain decreased(P<0.01).(3) The weight gain in the GDM group was higher than that of the non-GDM group and it indicated significant difference(P<0.01).(4) According to the analysis of the relationship between quintile of food intake during the third trimester and pregnancy weight gain, we found that the intake of grain indicated significant difference with weight gain(P<0.01); the significant difference nutrients with weight gain in later pregnancy is energy, VitB1, Ca and Fe.(5) The multiple linear regression analysis of pregnancy weight gain showed that the risk factors were delivery age, education, pre-pregnancy BMI, GDM, grain intake, energy and Ca. The multiple linear regression analysis of pregnancy BMI gain showed that the risk factors were delivery age, education, pre-pregnancy BMI, grain intake and energy.Conclusions Pregnant women's physical status,socio-economic data and dietary factors in the third trimester had an impact on pregnancy weight gain. Most of the maternal weight gain in this survey was higher than the recommended value of 11.5~16kg used up to now, so in the third trimester of pregnancy, pregnant weight gain should be monitor seriously, and the intake of grain and energy should be in control. Objective To investigate the dietary intake in the third trimester of some pregnant women and to analyze the quantity and quality of the pregnant women's nutrition and its association with their newborn weight. Through this study, we can propose coping strategies to improve the pregnant women's alimentation to prevent the occurence of large birth weight-giant infants(LBG)and low birth weight infants(LBW).Methods The participants were the pregnant women in the third trimester who had lived in the affiliated hospital of Anhui Medical University with plan to delivery in this hospital between Oct 2008 and Dec 2009 to establish an observation cohort, the informed consent were obtained. At last completed data of 827 subjects were collected. The basic information of the pregnant women and their husbands who were in the cohort were gathered, and the quantity and variety of the food that each pregnant women had eaten respectively in the later phase of their pregnancy were also recorded. The follow-up were ended up to the baby was delivered 24 hours and the information about the parturition condition and the newborn were collected from the obstetric records and the maternal health manual. We used food frequency questionnaire and 24 hour dietary recall method to evaluate intake of nutrients of pregnant women. The babies were divided into 3 groups according to their weight. Among them there were LBW with less than 2500g, normal-weight babies with 2500~3999g and LBG with more than 4000g. Finally the Nutrition Calculator software was used to analyze and calculate the average amount of calories and nutrition each pregnant woman had got every day having a comparison with the Chinese DIRs. The normal-weight baby mother's nutritious standards were used to analyze the nutritious status of the two groups(both the LBW and LBG)in the way of liner analysis and non-condition logistic tropic analysis to describe the affecting factors which were related to the weight of newborn babies.Results(1) In the single-factor analysis of influencing factors of newborn birth weight, There was a positive correlation between father's occupation,mother's pre-pregnancy BMI,weight gain,BMI gain,age,gestational age,prevalence of PIH and newborn weight.(P<0.05)(2) According to Chinese DRIs(2000) the average amount of calories, fat, protein, VitA, VitBl, VitB2, VitC, Zn, Se which the normal-weight baby mothers had took in from the food were meet or exceed RNI, other nutrients such as carbohydrate,Ca,Fe's intake were inadequate.(3) In the later phase of pregnancy, the differences of the average amount of calories,carbohydrate,protein,fat,VitB1,VitB2,Zn,Se between the normal-weight group,the LBW group,the LBG group were distinct(P<0.05).(4) In the later phase of pregnancy, the percentage of energy sources from protein,fat,carbohydrate have significant defferences in three groups(P<0.05), and the nutritious structures of the three groups were slightly different.(5) Analyzing the nutrition and newborn birth weight in the way of liner analysis, it showed that newborn birth weight were positive correlated with the amount of the calories, protein, fat, VitB2, VitPP, Ca, Fe, Zn and Se which the pregnant women had took in every day(P<0.05).(6) Analyzing the affecting factors which are related to the low birth weight babies in the way of non-condition logistic tropic analysis showed that delivery age,the intake of total energy,Fe and Zn were negative correlated. Analyzing the affecting factors which are related to the large birth weight-giant babies in the way of non-condition logistic tropic analysis showed that pre-pregnancy BMI,pregnancy BMI gain and the intake of total energy were positive correlated.Conclusions In Hefei city, the diet pattern of pregnant women was reasonable, except for the intake of fish and milk, usual intake of other types of food were enough. Dietary and nutritional status of pregnant women affected newborn birth weight. Keeping a reasonable pre-pregnancy BMI, a proper pregnancy weight gain, and maintaining appropriate intake of total energy and fat in third trimester has a contribution to a normal birth weight newborn. |
PDF Full Text Request