| ObjectiveTo explore the occupational hazards of occupational population exposed to arsenic, selenium, cadmium and mercury dust in Liaocheng municipal heavy metals smelting enterprises, and to provide experimental evidence for the formulation of personal protective measures in enterprises, the detection methods to determine arsenic, selenium, cadmium and mercury in samples by double optical channel atomic fluorescence spectrometry were established, and the investigation of the arsenic, selenium, cadmium and mercury levels in occupational population'urine were carried out.Methods1. Detecting methodsThe samples were pre-treatmented by microwave digestion with HNO3-H2O2 as oxidant. The optimization of instrument analysis parameters, such as lamp current, negative high voltage photomultiplier tube, atomizer height, carrier gas and shield gas flow rate which impacts on the determination, were performed. 2. Survey analysisThe contents of arsenic, selenium, cadmium and mercury in the urine of occupational population exposed to the dust in Liaocheng Aluminum smelting enterprises, Medical Device Limited Company and Copper smelting enterprises were analyzed.Results1. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limits were:arsenic:0.0042ug/L, selenium 0.0047μg/L, cadmium 0.0063μg/L, mercury 0.0032μg/L. Limits of quantification:arsenic 0.0085μg/L, selenium 0.011μg/L, cadmium 0.022μg/L, mercury 0.050μg/L. A good linear response was obtained for arsenic and selenium over the range of the limit of quantification～20.0μg/L with correlation coefficients not less than 0.9998, cadmium and mercury over the range of the limit of quantification～4.0μg/L with correlation coefficients not less than 0.9996. The RSD were:arsenic 1.05%～2.89%, selenium 1.62%～2.15%, cadmium 1.47%～2.96%, mercury 1.23%～2.25%. The recoveries were:arsenic 98.0%～100.2%, selenium 95.0%～102.0%, cadmium 92.5%～100.3%, mercury 98.0%～104.0%. When applied the method to the determination of arsenic in the standard reference material of mussels, the result was consistent with the recommended value in certificate.2. The total of 232 occupational volunteers were selected from three companies and their urines were collected for the detection of arsenic, selenium, cadmium and mercury. The results showed that arsenic in 102 urines were detected with the detection rate 43.96%, unqualified number 70, unqualified rate 30.17%; selenium in 31 urines were detected, with the detection rate 13.36%, unqualified number 20, unqualified rate 8.62%; cadmium in 158 uines were detected, with the detection rate 68.10%, unqualified number 102, unqualified rate 43.96%; mercury in 179 urines were detected, with the detection rate 77.16%, unqualified number 108, unqualified rate 46.55%. There was a significant difference of the 4 elements in the urines between the ocupitional volunteers and the normal population. Conclusion1. The estabished method in our research is proved to be simple, sensitive, rapid and accurate, which could applied to simultaneous determination the contents of arsenic, selenium, cadmium and mercury in samples, and was applicable to the test of a large number of samples.2. The contents of arsenic, selenium, cadmium and mercury in occupational population' urine samples increased in various degree of Liaocheng municipal heavy metal smelting enterprises, with a significant difference compared with normal population. Compared with the criterion, the contents of arsenic and cadmium exceeded seriously in the volunteers urines of Aluminum smelting enterprises, the content of arsenic exceeded seriously in the volunteers urines of Copper smelting enterprises and the maximum value emerged in urines of them, and the content of mercury exceeded seriously in the volunteers urines of Medical Device Limited Company, with one reached to chronic mild mercury poisoning limits, and ten reached to mercury absorption limits.
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