High-fat Diet During Perinatal Period Affects Hypothalamic NPY, POMC, GHS-R And GLP-1R MRNA Levels In Adult Rat Offspring

ObjectiveAdult obesity poor diet not only the individual but also depends on the mode of nutrition metabolism. There is more obesity-prone population nutrient metabolism pattern defects, and this poor metabolism of pattern formation in fetal. Poor maternal nutritional intake (eg high fat diet) can cause genetic defects in metabolism of offspring. The current obesity-related gastrointestinal hormones include ghrelin (Ghrelin), glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1). Ghrelin is found which so far only has the appetite physiological role of gastrointestinal hormones, GLP-1 has the appetite suppressant effect. Maintain the dynamic balance of the body mainly depend on the nerve center of energy metabolism-gastrointestinal signal transduction pathway. The hypothalamus has now confirmed is the central nervous system regulation of food intake of the main components.Obese animals, especially by a gene deficient mice in the study found that Secretion of hypothalamic neurons neuropeptideY(NPY), proopiomelanocorein (POMC) and other neuropeptides in the regulation of food intake and energy balance play an important role in gastrointestinal peptide hormones on the central nervous of regulation, and on obesity, the development is not yet clear.This study adopts high fat diet on perinatal and postweaning periods in adult rat offspring,discusses whther there is a sex-associated differences in the hypothalamic appetite regulatory genes in NPY,POMC, GHS-R, GLP-1R mRNA expression. Material and methodsHealth mature virgin female Wistar rats 36, mature male Wistar rats 19, adaptive feeding after 1 week, rats were randomly selected 4:1 ratio of males and females combined cage. After confirmation of pregnancy by pregnant female rats randomly divided into normal diet (SD) group and high fat (HFD) group were fed basal diet and high fat diet. Suckling mice randomly assigned the remaining 8 per litter (males and females of all four) to ensure a balanced intake of nutrition until after weaning. Two groups fed for 10 days from pregnancy to postpartum (ie, perinatal period).Offspring rats were divided into two groups of high-fat group and the normal diet group, were fed high fat diet and the diet. That is divided into:â‘ high fat diet parent and offspring eat fat (HFD/HFD) group;â‘¡fat offspring parent normal diet (HFD/ SD) group;â‘¢offspring parent common food fat (SD/HFD) group;â‘£parent offspring eat food (SD/SD) groups.Offspring after birth in rats weighed weekly, every 2 to 3 days to record the investment appetite, appetite left to calculate food intake, energy utilization. Offspring rats after feeding for 16 weeks, fasting for 12 hours after blood collection under anesthesia, decapitation brains were removed, separated the hypothalamus. Real-time PCR used to detect hypothalamic NPY, POMC, GHS-R, GLP-1R mRNA relative expression level. Simple correlations were assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficients.Threshold of significance was defined at p<0.05.Results1.With the day after the birth of pups (weeks) increase in age, body weight increase, eight weeks ago has been growing very rapidly. Weight of rats fed high fat diet was significantly higher growth rate, this difference more evident in the performance of male offsprings. HFD group birth weight was higher than SD group P <0.05, after the end of lactation period in male offspring of this difference is more obvious in cash. From the first 8 weeks after the HFD/HFD group body weight was higher than HFD/SD group (male and female) P<0.05. From the first 10 weeks after HFD/SD group and SD/SD body weight was no significant difference (P> 0.05).2.The energy utilization in rat offspring was positively correlated with weight gain. 8 weeks ago energy efficiency increased significantly more pronounced in male offspring growth rate P<0.05.8 weeks ago HFD group than in SD group P<0.05,8 weeks after the HFD/HFD group than in HFD/SD group P<0.05.10 weeks of HFD/ SD group and the SD/SD group no significant difference in energy utilization P> 0.05.3.Offspring rats fed for 16 weeks, the female HFD/HFD group hypothalamic GSH-R and NPY mRNA expression was significantly higher than the SD/SD Group;SD/HFD group than in SD/SD group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); Male offspring were no significant differences between groups (P<0.05). Male HFD/HFD group hypothalamic GLP-1R, POMC mRNA expression was significantly higher than the SD/SD Group; SD/HFD group than in SD/SD group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);Female offspring were no significant differences between groups (P>0.05).4. A significant positive correlation between energy utilization and body weight,both in male and female offspring.In male offspring,a strong negative correlation was found between energy utilization and body weight with both hypothalamic POMC and Glp-1R mRNA levels;and a positive correlation was found between hypothalamic POMC and Glp-1R mRNA levels. On the other hand,in females offspring but not in males,energy utilization correlated positively with both hypothalamic GHS-R and NPY mRNA levels;and a positive correlation was found between hypothalamic GHS-R and NPY mRNA levels.Conclusion1.Energy efficiency was positively correlated with weight gain.GHS-R and NPY are positively correlated with energy utilization,GLP-1R and POMC are negatively correlated with energy utilization and body weight.2.High-fat fed state regulation of hypothalamic appetite expression of genes in different genders at different levels, under high fat diet, body weight and energy metabolism in male rats mainly by the GLP-1R and POMC regulation, body weight and energy metabolism in female rats mainly by GHS-R and NPY regulation.3.Perinatal high fat feeding of male body weight and energy intake of the main negative regulation of GLP-1R.Perinatal female rats fed high-fat diet body weight and energy intake mainly by the NPY positive regulation.