Study On Neutral Oligosaccharides In Breast Milk And Gene Polymorphism Of FUT2 As Well As The Effect On Infants' Early Growth

ObjectiveTo investigate the concentration of neutral oligosaccharides in mothers'breast milk postnatal 2 weeks and assay SNP spot on gene FUT2. Oligosaccharides concentration was analyzed based on SNP genotype to explore the relationship between oligosaccharides differences and gene polymorphism. Furthermore, the infants were followed during the first 12 months of life to examine the association between variation in mother's SNP genotype and infants'early growth and prevalence of common diseases and to validate the positive effect on child's health outcomes of breastfeeding by comparing with the published literature.Methods110 breastfeeding mother-infant pairs in Shanghai China were recruited in this study. Breast milk and saliva sample were collected at 2 week postpartum. Infants'anthropometric indices like weight, height and head circumference were measured at the age of 4,13,26, 52w. The information of infants'sickness and diets were recorded every week by enquiring mothers by telephone. Neutral oligosaccharides concentration of breast milk was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Saliva was collected using Oragene KIT. DNA was abstracted from saliva and used for SNP assay.Results1. According to the classification of the neutral oligosaccharides, among the 78 mothers who had finished the analysis of breast milk,17 mothers were Le(a-,b-), accounted for 21.79%; 40 of them were Le(a-,b+),accounted for 51.28%; 21 of them were Le(a+,b-), accounted for 26.92%.2. There were three genotypes of SNP (rs1047781) as AA, AT and TT. Among the 105 mothers who had finished SNP assay,28 mothers were AA, accounted for 26.67%; 51 of them were AT, accounted for 48.57%; 26 of them were TT, accounted for 24.76%.3. There were much moreα1,2 linked oligosaccharides in genotype AA mothers'breast milk than in genotype TT; the concentration ofα1,2 linked oligosaccharides in genotype AT mothers'breast milk was between AA and TT (P<0.01).4. Infants whose mothers'SNP genotype were AT grew faster than those whose mothers'SNP genotype were AA or TT. Their Z score of weight at 13w,26w,52w, height at 26w,52w and head circumference at 52w was higher than that of other two groups (P<0.05). 5. There were no significant differences of infants'anthropometrics indices between the two groups of receiving breastfeeding 13-26w and more than 26w (P>0.05).6. The incidence of moderate to severe acute respiratory illness of infants whose maternal SNP genotype were AT were lower than those whose maternal SNP genotype were AA or TT (P<0.05).7. It seems like that longer breastfeeding time can decrease the infants'incidence of common infectious diseases, but there were no significant differences between the two groups of receiving breastfeeding 13-26w and more than 26w (P>0.05).8. There were no significant differences of infants'incidence of eczema among different SNP genotype mothers'infants (P>0.05).9. There were no significant differences of infants'incidence of eczema between the two groups of receiving breastfeeding 13-26w and more than 26w (P>0.05).10. The incidence of eczema of infants who had atopic parents was higher than those who hadn't (P<0.05).Conclusion1. The distribution of Lewis genotype according to the classification of the neutral oligosaccharides matches with the distribution of general people group in China.2. There exists gene polymorphism of mothers' FUT2 SNP (rs1047781).3. There was a clear relationship between SNP (rs1047781) genotype and oligosaccharide concentration. 4. AT maternal SNP (rs1047781) genotype of FUT2 profitted infants more on early growth.5. Breastfeeding could decrease the incidence of infants'common infectious diseases and the breastfeeding during the first 13w postpartum was very important.6. Infants'incidence of eczema was associated with family history of hypersensitivity and breastfeeding had no obvious effect on it.