| Objective:It is lacks of obvious and specific symptoms and signs in the early diabetic nephropathy. If takes no effective actions to find out it and control of its development, it will be greatly increase its harm to the patients. Therefore, it is extremely important to diagnosis and treat the diabetic nephropathy in early. It was confirmed that, in clinical, color doppler ultrasound especially the doppler spectrum technique has certainly effect on identifying the early diabetic nephropathy, through detecting the changes of renal hemodynamic index. Due to a few patients accepting the renal biopsy approaches for the diagnosis of early diabetic nephropathy, there are lack of reliable pathology evidence which reduced the credibility of diagnosing diabetic nephropathy in early with colour doppler technique. The purpose of this experiment is, through making the diabetic animal models in mice and under the premise of be able to acquire indeed pathology evidence, to explore the value of color doppler technique in diagnosing early diabetic nephropathy passing detecting the renal hemodynamic.Methods: Choosing sixteen 8-weeks-old C57/6J mice,bodymass 23-25g,which were successfully made type one diabetes mouse models by intraperitoneal injection with Streptozocin, were randomly divided into experiment groups one and two of eight mice each. Another eighteen normal mice were randomly divided into control groups zerro,one and two of six mice each. Experiment group one and control group one raise eight weeks and experiment groupe two and control group two raise sixteen weeks. Afterwards,the body mass and the twenty-four hour urine protein content of each groups were recorded. After clearly showing the flow distribution of coronary section of left kidney in each group of mice,Color doppler spectrum measure the systolic peak velocity(Vsmax),diastolic minimum velocity(Vdmin) and resistance index(RI) in the level of segmental renal artery in mouse left renal.The changes of left renal pathology were examined using light microscope and transmission electron microscope. At the same time, the glomerular balloon area(S1), the capillary plexus area(S2), the ratio of S2 and S1(S2/S1), and the thickness of glomerular basement membrane were detected by computer image processing system.Results:The mouse body mass in experiment group one was lower than in control group one(24.16±0.60 vs 24.53±0.56 g,P>0.05),but there was no significant differences.The mouse body mass in experiment group two was significantly lower than in control group two(21.60±1.93 vs 24.72±0.58 g,P<0.05) and the mouse body mass in experiment group two was significantly lower than in experiment group one(21.60±1.93 vs 24.16 g,P<0.01). There were no significant differences in twenty-four hour urine protein content of each control groups(25.30±8.24 vs 27.82±7.78 vs 29.71±10.03μg/L,P>0.05). There was no significant difference between experiment group one and control group one in the content of twenty-four hour urine protein(31.86±8.32 vs 27.82±7.78μg/L,P>0.05), but experiment two was significantly higher than control group two(51.94±13.52 vs 29.71±10.03μg/L,P<0.01) and experiment one(51.94±13.52 vs 31.86±8.32μg/L,P<0.01). The difference of renal bloood distribution between experiment group one and control groups was little. The blood signal of renal main artery and segmental artery was clear,and the interlobular artery became uneven,and the renal arcuate artery became not clear partly,and color doppler flow was atypical tree branch shape distribution in experiment group two.Color doppler ultrasound showed that there were no significant differences in renal hemodynamic parameters of each control groups[Vsmax (20.16±4.82, 20.75±6.61,19.09±2.54cm/s,P>0.05),Vdmin(8.42±2.64,7.73±2.48,7.70±2.09cm/s,P>0.05),RI(0.59±0.04,0.60±0.02,0.61±0.03,P>0.05)].There was no significant difference between experiment group one and control group one in renal hemodynamic parameters [Vsmax(19.67±3.97 vs20.75±6.61cm/s, P>0.05), Vdmin (7.99±1.42vs7.73±2.48 cm/s,P>0.05), RI(0.60±0.03 vs 0.60±0.02 cm/s, P>0.05)].The Vsmax and Vdmin of the level of segmental renal artery in experiment two were significantly lower than control group two and experiment one (Vsmax:14.52±1.58 vs 19.09±2.54, 19.67±3.97 cm/s, P<0.01; Vdmin:4.42±0.82 vs 7.70±2.09, 7.99±1.42 cm/s,P<0.01),but the RI in experiment two was significantly higher than control group two and experiment one(RI:0.68±0.04 vs 0.61±0.03, 0.60±0.03,P<0.01). Under the light microscope, there showed congested and expanded glomerular capillary and mesangial area in experiment groups. Image analysis results showed that S1 and S2 in experiment two were significantly than control group two [S1(452.66±53.75 vs 332.51±32.84μm2 ,P<0.01), S2(300.82±32.40 vs 201.33±23.25μm2,P<0.01)], and the ratio of S2 and S1 in experiment two was significantly than control group two(66.62±3.74 vs 60.5±2.07,P<0.05).Under the transmission electron microscope, there showed that overlying epithelial cell foot processes run together partly in experiment groups. Image analysis results showed that the thickness of glomerular basement membrane in experiment one was significantly higher than that of control group one (178.53±13.46 vs 151.39±11.11 nm,P<0.05), and that of experiment two was significantly higher than that of control group two(199.62±15.16 vs 150.89±11.74 nm,P<0.01), and that of experiment two was significantly higher than that of experiment one(199.62±15.16 vs 178.53±13.46 nm,P<0.05).Conclusion:The blood signal of renal main artery and segmental artery was clear,and the interlobular artery became uneven,and the renal arcuate artery became not clear partly,and color doppler flow was atypical tree branch shape distribution in experiment group two.The difference of renal bloood distribution between experiment group one and control groups was little.The Vsmax and Vdmin of renal hemodynamic parameters in experiment two were significantly lower than control groups and experiment one, but the RI in experiment two was significantly higher than control groups and experiment one.The conclusion was that the renal hemodynamic parameters changed in the early diabetes nephropathy. The glomerular capillary and mesangial area congested and expanded and overlying epithelial cell foot processes ran together partly in experiment groups. The S1, S2 and S2/S1 in experiment two were significantly higher than control group two. Besides, the thickness of glomerular basement membrane in experiment group was significantly higher than that of control groups.The conclusion was that the structure of renal pathology had been exist degree of change in the early diabetic nephropathy.Therefore, when the changes of renal echo was not clear,the changes of renal pathology structure had happen.At the same time,there were some changes in renal hemodynamic parameters .These explain that colour doppler ultrasound measuring kidney hemodynamic parameters has great value for diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy in early.
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