The Banished Scholar-bureaucrat Of Song Dynasty In Huangzhou

Song is a dynasty seriously afflicted with faction. Especially after Wang Anshi's Political Reform, the innovationists and the conservatives were unable to co-exist completely. The called each other flunky and praised themselves as men of honor. Their act has pushed factionalism even further until the end of Southern Song Dynasty. Factionalism lasts almost as long as the time of the whole Song Dynasty. Meanwhile, Song Taizu, the founder of Song Dynasty, made the instruction called "Criminal Law Not Applying to Scholar-bureaucrat", which made banishment from the court become the major punishment of political struggle. As a result, a large amount of banished scholar-bureaucrat emerged during the time of Song. This paper selects Huangzhou of Song as object of study and concerns of all the banished scholar-bureaucrat in Huangzhou during this period. According to their lives and works, the paper will analyze their changes of view and attitudes when they were banished, as well as what these scholar-bureaucrat gave to the city of Huangzhou. When people face difficult times, their mind-set usually can not balance and their weakness can reveal much more easier. Thus when these scholar-bureaucrat faced adversity with positivity, not only their spirit is inspiring but also they have given Huangzhou the city a remarkable sign. So anything about their activities in Huangzhou is of great research significance.The first part of this paper talks about Huangzhou, the banish place. According to the banish institution of Song, the geological condition and historical condition of Huangzhou, I will discuss "Why they were banished to Huangzhou?" The second part enumerates every scholar-bureaucrat that were banished to Huangzhou, what their experiences were.The third part talks about their lives and works in Huangzhou. With iterating their basic living condition, their traveling, their calligraphy, their painting and their poetry, I will reveal how they became poor due to their banishment, how they responded to the adversity, how they lived and how they had changed themselves.With so much pain and struggle, how were the mind-set of them becoming?To a normal man, however he is strong, he will reveal his weakness when being knocked down. Some people become depressed, but some people grow stronger and stronger with each failure. They step forward and reach their top point of their lives. -Being content with where and what they are, taking things like a philosopher, they attain their perfection of life.When the lives of banished scholar-bureaucrat were changed by Huangzhou, they in turn changed Huangzhou. Just like when Su Shi has made the Red Cliff famous, does not the Ref Cliff have also become a mark of Su's success and contribution? The spirit of banished scholar-bureaucrat influenced each other, fermented with adversity and finally matured like pure and sweet wine. Their spirit has come down the ages, and will be rememberd forever by posterity.