Study On Changes Of Jarud Banner's Settlement In Recent Century

Settlement is the important research in Human Geography and the result of interaction between human and environment of settlement's formation, development, evolution, regular of distribution can reflect the common features and disparities of area. Jarud banner which located in the north edge of Horchin sandy area is the typical agro-pastoral zone. This paper analyses the Jarud banner's settlement formation development, regular of the evolution and the distribution, and reveal the epoch's array characters and horizontal space structure in order to reconstruct continuum frame of Inner Mongolian agro-pastoral zone.This paper is formed by five parts as follows:in the first chapter it introduces the background and the meaning of selection of subject, domestic and abroad study survey, expanding trend and method Second part what is the general situation of studied areas presents Jarud banner's situation of geography and social economy, evolution in history and evidence of classifying the settlement. In the third part, it analyzed the present status of Jarud banner. In the fourth part, it dissects Jarud banner's settlement and vicissitudes with substantial evidence. The fifth part is the conclusion and the discussion.Jarud banner's settlement formation process and reason. Jarud banner was a still pure pastoral area until 20century. Pastoral zone had changed because of the immigration and the cultivation of Mongol area. Since 1902 it has became an agro-pastoral area and villages were formed in present Jarud banner. In its northern mountainous area, animal husbandry is the main life style. It has small population who are mainly Mongolian. Since 1902, there Han been cultivated in order to get the fodder of livestock. In that way, the pure pastoral life has been changed. Middle and south part of Jarud is chiefly engaging in farming and Han who are the descendants of immigration opened up virgin soil of Mongol land in the end of Qing dynasty take great majority of the population.Agro-pastoral zone is distributed in eastern Jarud banner's monticule part and southern sandy platform.Many of the earliest immigrants into here reclaimed fertile grazing land.In consequence of the reduced pasture and the extended till, it is not allowed to herding thus, there has formed agro-pastoral transition villages.Settlement classification of Jarud Banner:first, it can be classified to three types according to its land uses:the grazing village, the farming village, and that of half farming half animal villages, Second, according to village sale, it can be divided to four types as super-large village, large village, medium village and small village. Third, according to the living people nation, it can be divided to the majority of Mongolian settlements, the majority of the Han settlements and Mongolian and Han upholding settlements. And the fourth, according to the distribution of villages, it can be divided into the following five types:medium mountains villages, Valley plain villages, alluvial plain villages, Low hills villages and Dunes plain villages.The features of Jarud banner's villages are as follows:1. The grazing villages are mainly distributed in the middle mountain area, the people are Mongolia mostly, have smaller scale, and the most villages are small, the population is blow 500, density of village is 0.9/100 km2, the distribution areas dispersed, distances among the villages are long, the main land use is grazing; 2. The farming villages, they are distribute in the middle part of the banner, the area of Valley plain and alluvial plain, the people are Han mostly, have large scale, the population is larger than 1000, density of village is5.0/100 km2, have concentrate distribution and the distances among villages are sort, the main land use is farming; 3.Half farming half animal villages, they are mainly distribute in east and south part of Low hills and Low hills in Jarud banner, Mongolian and Han people upholding, but Mongolian mostly, have moderate village scale, the population are during 500～1000, density of village is 2.2/100 km2, village distribution irregular, and concentrated in the area of Mountain valley area, but scattered distributed in Dunes plain, its land use is half farming and half grazing.