| This article uses a great deal of data to discuss the actions of Japanese invaders to plunder coal resource of Shandong province of China, such as the researching and controlling of coal industry, the "exploitation" , selling and transportation of coal, the organization and management of coal mines. Through these efforts, we try to disclose the calamity Japanese invaders had brought to coal industry and coal miners of Shandong, we also can see that the intention of Japanese was to serve for its military strategy.(1) The Researching and Controlling of Coal Industry of Shandong ProvinceJapanese invaders had already carried out primary research on coal industry of Shandong since 1914. Although they was obliged to return the nominal sovereighty to China, these actions had continued by those Japanese living in Shandong, of which Luda Corporation played an important role. Since Anti-Japan War began in 1937, the research of Japanese invaders was more careful than before.After occupying the mines, Japanese controlled them in the way of "military supervising" and consigned them to some corporations of Japan. With the intimidation of Japanese soldiers, the mine-owners had to deliver their mines to invaders.(2)the Devastating "Exploitation" on Coal Resource of ShandongThe invaders constituted all kinds of "exploiting " plan to plunder coal from Shandong. They also set up Exploiting Corporation of Northern Chinato "exploiting" more stratagemically. From 1938 to 1942, the production of coal increased significantly , of which 1942 was the biggest. With the broking out of Pacific War and the continuous frustration of Japanese soldiers, the economic status became more and more difficult. To make up the shortage, the invaders change some mines to "manage cooperatively with Chinese", but they still control them. Although Japanese took many measures to force miners work hard and excavate coal excessively, the production still declined sharply. In 1945, Japan surrendered, cola mines of Shandong belonged to Chinese again.(3)the Control on Transportation and Selling of CoalTo conform the need of occupying entirely and plundering crazily, the invaders set up Production and Selling Corporation of Shandong Mines. The right of excavating belonged to these mines, while the right of selling was controlled by the corporation.With the stabilization of ruling and the recuperation of traffic lines, the amount of coal transported outside increased rapidly. Japanese invaders took full use of havens such as Tsingdao and Yantai and took measures to improve the capability of transportation. At the same time the invaders reduced the amount of coal for the masses accordingly. Since 1943, due to some factors, the continuous frustration, the destroying on railway by guerilla, the shortage of labors, etc. the capability of transportation of Tsingdao decreased sharply. Although invaders had tried to change the situation, but their measures couldn't be put into use. By 1945, the outside transportation of coal of Shandong stopped on the whole.(4)the organization and management on coal minesThe original institution to manage these mines was Xingzhong Corporation, later took the charge. The mines along Jiao-ji Railway was under the control of Mining Corporation of Shandong. In central section and southern section of Shandong, these mines were run by Exploiting Corporation of Northern China and monopolizing consortiums of Japan.To make sure for production of coal and settle the problem of labor shortage, Japanese invaders not only hold the "contract for a job", but also seized and induced labors. There had been pyramidal governing institutions in the main mines, the lowest of which were Chinese miners.Japanese invaders exploited the miners cruelly. They compelled themIVto work in very dangerous situation, which led to many accidents as death, wound and deformity. The living standard of miners was bad. Their pension had not been settled. Japanese invaders also utilized many soldiers, police, gendarme and secret agen... |
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