| Concerning humanism, all through the ages, people either narrowly describe the humane culture, which depend on the basis of cultural subjects as "Literature, History, Philosophy", thus, set it against the natured science and the scientific spirit it contains; or request eliminating such opposition or split, and integrating the humane culture and the scientific culture. But it lacks profound scholar explanation on how to integrate these two. Supposing the former opinion is wrong, for it is unilateral, the latter one mast be superficial.In this paper, through examination of the occurrence and historical change of the humane words and phrases, we believe that the humanism proposition is, in fact, a matter of the realization of the theory of human nature and the ideal personality. We will then put he humane proposition in the general category of Chinese and foreign anthropology and the study of human nature, give emphasis to the interior features and the clues in the conversion and development of the Chinese and western philosophy. And me will commence discussion on the point of the contrast between the Chinese and western philosophy and culture. We hold that, from the most primitive meaning humanism and humane spirit can be divided into two elements: human nature and culture. It demands we should reasonable cultivation. Human nature is a dynamic concept in the social practice history and, generally speaking it has profound connotation on reason, emotion, determination. It also has a unique flexibility on pursuing truth, doing good turns and seeking beauty. During the process of exteriorization and objectifying of ego, it consider the culture world, which centers on the science culture, morality culture and esthetic culture, as the proof of itself. In this case, the humanism should reflect the complete development of the connotation of reason, emotion and determination. It should reflect the complete development of the methods and ability on how to pursue truth, do good turns and maintain perfection. It should reflect the complete development of the science culture, morality culture and esthetics culture.In this paper, it points out, the process which human beings acquire the general rational cognition, and the mastering of ego is from spontaneous andunrestrictive to conscious and voluntary. It is restricted by the social practice standard and relationship. In the Chinese and western cultures, the process which human beings acquire the general rational cognition and the mastering of ego is from spontaneous and unrestrictive to conscious and voluntary. It is restricted by the social practice standard and relationship. In the Chinese and western cultures, the human words and phrases respectively reflect the characteristics and differences on era, nation and district. The Chinese traditional humanism, which is carried out from the point of doing good turns, is characterized by moralism. But in the western world, there is a humanity tradition which is characterized by rationalism and carried out in the point of pursuing the truth. The moralism and rationalism have their own advantages and disadvantages. It also reflects that the process in which the Chinese and the western nations develop themselves was not balanced and synchronic in the history, but followed the way of "Chinesenization" and "Westernization", the reconstructing of modern philosophy and culture, home and abroad, are overdone and haven't yet found the way to shake off the predicament disadvantages and of the humanities. Marxism is the only right methodology and guidance to do scholar and practical critisism and in heritage of the human's cultare history, home and abroad, ancient and modern, to sublate, surpass and construct the modern new patterned humanism. Socialism and Communism is human's only right way to sublate completely the dissimilation, is the only ideal living space for the development of the human nature; is the only way for the humanism, to fulfill and realize. |
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