Research In "V 到" Structure

On the basis of collected large materials and full reference to many of savant views, the article comprehensively analyses V 到's features in structure, grammar and semantic meaning. Judging from research means, we write it diachronically and synchronically. Firstly, we research the history of V 到's development, and compare it with the similar structure V 到. Secondly, we research it synchronically.We observe the literature of different ages, and analyze the materials and statistic data. We find that development of V 到 can be divided into three phases: (1) the period of 到's independent development, namely, pre-Qin dynasty when 到 is used individually, and isn't added to verb; (2) the period of primary formation, namely, Han dynasty to Sui, Tang dynasty; (3) the period of independent development, namely, from Song dynasty to now.Judging by structural feature, V 到 is temporary, relatively integrated, productive, finished, active, transitive, multi-values.Judging from syntax, V 到 sentence can be divided into four sub-sentences, marked: S1, S2 , S3, S4, according to transformational rule of it. S1 answers "where to V 到", S2 answers "when to V 到", S3 answers "what extent to V 到", S4 answers "what to V 到". In S1, V 到 consists of : (1) self-shifting verb + 到; (2) non-self-shifting verb +到; (3) the shifting verb of two variable + 到. In S2,most of V si are the form of "continuing act verb + 到". In S3, V 到 is: (1) the verbchanging extent of things + 到; (2) the verb including itself the change of extent + 到. In S4, V 到 may be the form of "the verb indicating perception and mind + 到". Judging by semantic meaning, V 到's semantic feature is generalized [+ attachment] when 到 has nothing to do with the Agent and Patient. V 到's semantic feature is generalized [+ direction , +arrival] when 到 has something to do with the Agent and Patient. Semantic relationship between V 到 and subject is that subjectmay be Agent , Patient. Semantic relationship between V 到 and object is that object may be Patient , Location , Time, Quantity, Extent. In the end of the article, we briefly analyze the terms which make V 到 sentence ambiguous, and what class word to which 到 belongs. This article believes that 到 is a verb in S1, S2, S3, while auxiliary in S4.