Problems On The Loss Of State-owned Assets In Late Qing Dynasty And Northern Warlords Administration

By transplanting the advanced technology,the equipment and the methods of management from the western countries Chinese state-owned industry in Modern Period emerged. State-owned industry played an important role in the modern industry from late Qing dynasty to Northern Warlords Administration. But, as a result of the bad management and the inefficient results, the policies of the state-owned industry were adjusted by late Qing dynasty and Northern Warlords Administration. In the summer of 1896, merchants contracted the Hanyang Iron Factory, which indicated state-owned enterprises began the hard and creative exploration. The transformation of management system from state-owned enterprises to merchant-operated enterprises was a certain choice. However, state-owned assets were misappropriated by way of the unlawful and unofficial methods in process of the transformation of systems of state-owned enterprises. This article has given a detailed study on the loss of assets of state-owned enterprises and interpreted the development of state-owned industry in the early stage of Modern Period. Chapter one deals with the general developments and fundamental features of the state-owned industries and state-owned assets in late Qing dynasty and Northern Warlords Administration. State-owned industries came into being during Yang-wu Movement, increased quickly after Jia-wu War and developed slowly during Northern Warlords Administration. Chapter two focuses on the transformation of management system of state-owned enterprises. It includes three parts : the course of the transformation,the forms of the management after the transformation and the causes of the transformation. The transformation is good for the development of modern industries. But it inclines to cause the loss of state-owned assets because the methods of merchant operation have a great deal of defects and imperfection. Chapter three mainly discusses the ways,the features,the reasons and influence of the loss of state-owned enterprises. A large number of state-owned assets were embezzled trickily by national private contractors and foreign invaders by means of unlawful and unofficial methods and channels, such as transferring state-owned assets to establish private enterprises; the loss which was caused by assignment of proprietary rights; the loss which was brought about by the lack of supervision, etc. This phenomenon resulted in disadvantageous impacts on the rule of late Qing dynasty and Northern Warlords Administration. It also brought about harmful and beneficial results for the development of Chinese economy and society. Chapter four analyses the similarities and differences on the loss of state-owned assets between China and Japan during the early stage of Modern Period. The Loss happened in state-owned enterprises in Modern Japan too, but, the loss of state-owned assets has obvious differences,features and consequences between China and Japan, because the transformation and the loss of state-owned enterprises have different historical backgrounds. The peculiar political,economical and social surroundings are fundamental reasons the loss of state-owned assets in Modern China. However, on account of the strong opposition against state-owned system from people,relative feebleness of foreign invasion and the intervention of administration, The degree of the loss of state-owned enterprises in Modern Japan is less than that in Modern China.