Soviet Jew Problems In The American-Soviet Relations In 1970s

Soviet Jew problem is an important factor that affects the American-Russian relations and the American-Soviet relations, its history can trace back to till the middle period of 19th century. Since 1970s, the function of this problem has been increasingly outstanding in the American-Soviet relations and becomes a factor that can't be neglected and restrict the normal development of relations of supervision two countries. But academic circles have not thought highly of the research of this problem, the related results are limited at the researches to the Russian history and the anti-Semite on Soviets history doctrine. According to American foreign policy documents and the related works of the domestic and international scholars. In the base of reading and absorbing American foreign policy documents and using for references of the domestic and international scholars' related research results, this text will comb systematically and analysis comprehensively the reasons of Soviet Jew problems, American policies to Soviet Jew problems and the influences of these problems to the American-Soviet relations in 1970s. Due to this text, the author will try to make people cause an afresh opinion and valuation to this problem from the angle of the American-Soviet relations and the international relations, and the author will also expects to provide certain historical lessons to resolve some relevant economy, race, religion and human rights problems etc. in current international relations.This text is divided into four parts. The first part looks back the Jew problem in the history of the American-Russian relations and the American-Soviet relations before 1970s. From the middle period of 19th century to on the eve of the Cold War, Jew circumstances were experienced to rise and fall several times in Russia and in The Soviet Union. Before "October Revolution" and before World War II , Jew circumstances was worse; in the early stage of after "October Revolution" and during World War II period, Jew circumstances were improved. After the Cold War was broken out, Soviet Jews suffered inhibition as the sacrifice of the Cold War between the USA and The Soviet Union. When Khrushchev was in power and Brezhnev managed the government in the early years, the Soviet authorities relaxed the restriction of Jew immigration again, because Soviet needed the import of American corns and scrupledthe pressure of the western communism parties.The second part: the author will analyze and discuss the Soviet Jew problems in the American-Soviet relations in 19th century. Soviet Jew problems mainly involve two aspects, one is immigration problem toward abroad, the other is the problem of the human rights of dissidents who are mainly made up of Soviet Jews. During Nixon was in power, Soviet Jews brought about the large-scale emigrant wave tide. Soviet government adopt a series of measures to limit immigration, among them, the most representative measure was that Soviet government imposed the excessive "departure tax" to emigrant. Soviet behaviors arose strong reaction of the United States. Nixon government, "Jackson Group" and Soviet government, around passing and carrying out 《Jackson-Vanik Amendment》 that connected giving trade most-favored nation treatment to Soviets with its restricted immigration policies, launched a long-term and vehement conflicts. Ford president basically inheritted Nixon's policies to the Soviet Jew problems, but Ford also expressed stronger interest and more aggressive attitude to the Soviet Jew problems in the American-Soviet relations than Nixon, 《Jackson-Vanik Amendment》 finally became the law during this period. These facts make the Soviets know that its concessions to Jew immigration problem and another problems have no acquisitions. Hence Soviet government carried out the strict restriction to the Jew immigration. When Carter was in power, the American government adopted more aggressive policies on Soviet Jew problems. Carter government directly and publicly attacked Soviet conditions of human rights, and condemned Soviet rest...