Study On The Rural Zhai-Bao Of Shaanxi Province In Ming And Qing Dynasty

In order to know the history of rural society in Shaanxi, besides the studies of economic and culture,it is very important to study the Gu-Zhai-Bao ,which were the main part of civil defense .Because of the serious scourge of war and banditry, usual turbulences, many Gu-Zhai-Baos were constructed in Shaanxi to defense people's life and wealth. The paper applies analyse and synthesis method, compare method, sociology investigation method, etc. to supply new angle of view in understanding Shaanxi rural society and the ordinary people's life, accordingly, to bring forth the historical scene of Shaanxi rural society in Ming and Qing dynasty more roundly. At the same time, by studying the important effect in the construction and management of Gu-Zhai-Baos, the paper discusses the role and status of Shaanxi gentry. In addition, Gu-Zhai-Baos were the application of ancient defense technology in civil society, so they had valve in ancient defense thought and cultural relic protection. Gu-Zhai-Baos incarnated dense local culture besides the fortification, their architecture models, imageries, brushworks, inscriptions, even names all were the embodiment of the dense local culture. First, according to the development of the rural Gu-Zhai-Baos in Shaanxi province, the paper hackles their development from the macroscopic view and briefly summarizes the rural Gu-Zhai-Baos, which were respectively constructed before Ming, evening of Ming and prophase of Qing, metaphase of Qing. Moreover, the paper takes the rural Gu-Zhai-Baos in northern Shaanxi,Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi in Ming and Qing dynasty for example, concretely analyzing the constructive reason, nature environment ,development process, characteristics and function from the microcosmic view. By comparing the sameness in constructive reason, nature environment, characteristic and the differences in region and historical culture, the paper points out the difference and sameness of rural Gu-Zhai-Baos in northern Shaanxi, Guanzhong, southern Shaanxi. By analyzing Shaanxi gentry's role in the construction and management process, the paper discusses the Shaanxi gentry'effect and status in rural society. By studying the labor and finance demand of Gu-Zhai-Baos, the paper summarizes the affection on the ordinary farmers'life in Shaanxi that was paid by Gu-Zhai-Baos. Based on the comprehensive study of the rural Gu-Zhai-Baos of Shaanxi in Ming and Qing dynasty, the paper deeply studies the basic constructive reason of the rural Gu-Zhai-Baos of Shaanxi. According to the important affection of gentry during the construction and management of Gu-Zhai-Baos, the paper analyzes gentry's different affection when government's control function is strong or feeble, and pops out the important role and status of gentry in rural society. At last, the paper discusses the influence of society, economic and culture on the base of Gu-Zhai-Baos'model.