Syntactic And Semantic Restrictions On Transforming A "Jianyu"-Sentence Into A "Ba"-Sentence

In Mandarin Chinese, "Jianyu-sentence" means a sentence with its object playing as subject of the second verb simultaneously. This sentence pattern is "S+V1+N+V2", and is often used to express the meaning of causative. "Ba-sentence" can also be applied to express causative. On some occasions, Jianyu-sentence can be transformed into Ba-sentence; but on some other occasions it can't. There must be some syntactic and semantic restrictions on transforming a "Jianyu"-sentence into a "Ba"-sentence. And this is the problem this dissertation is trying d to discuss and solve.Instructed by the Theory of Transforming, Semantic Feature and Direction, the dissertation has discussed the syntactic and semantic restrictions thoroughly and systematically. The whole dissertation consists five chapters:Chapter One, has presented the context of the research by introducing the relevant study, which are previous studies on Jianyu-sentence, Ba-Sentence and transforming between the two patterns. Based on these studies, the dissertation will discuss the restrictions further and try to explain the ingenerate reason.Chapter Two, divides Jianyu-sentence into two types (Shiziju and Shilingju) according to the two different type of the Jianyu verbs. Then this chapter has discussed the semantic structure and the semantic relations of the two types separately. The two types are of two different syntactic forms after they are transformed into Ba-Sentence.Chapter Three, has given a comprehensive research on Shiziju transforming into Ba-sentence by dividing V2 into adjective and verb. Under different syntactic forms, the situation of transforming Shiziju into Ba-sentence is also different. This chapter has summed up all the possible situations and reasoned the condition for Shiziju transforming into Ba-sentence, which is V2 can connote the result or change of N and connote the disposition S put on N simultaneously.Chapter Four, has given a research on Shilingju transforming into Ba-sentence. According to others' study, the dissertation has classified V1 into seven semantic types. Taking the structure "V1V2" into account, this chapter has discussed the seven types separately, and has drawn a conclusion that the stronger "S+V1+N" controls "N+V2", the more likely Shilingju transforms into Ba-sentence; Vice versa.Chapter Five, base on the study of Chapter 2-4, analyzed similarities and differences of the two patterns in cognition, language distribution and pragmatics. The chapter has proposed the concept of "Controlling Value". Different Controlling Values require different patterns to express causative.This main clue of the dissertation is the meaning of causative that both patterns can express. Causative make it possible for one pattern transforming into the other. One the other hand, the different intensity of causative causes the syntactic and semantic restrictions, which prevent the two sentence patterns to transform freely from into each other.