The Development Of Lingbei Province's Agriculture And Animal Husbandry In Yuan Dinasty

As a frontier province,thanks to its important location, the stability and development of Lingbei,throughout the whole Yuan Dynasty,was closely related to the administration of Yuan rulers.Therefore, great importance had been attached to it. The diligence of people of all ethnics in this province, accompanied by great support from the rulers,made great contribution to the development of agriculture and husbandry.which reached the climax in a certain period. However,the fragility and instability of agriculture and husbandry, along with heavy dependence on the rulers in the development, resulted in its decline at last.Because there are a few raw data about Lingbei province available,therefore, the author, drawing on the others'research findings, tries to deepen the study of agriculture and husbandry , integrating the history with theories, in the hope of new findings.The foreword mainly introduces the research on Lingbei in the acadamic field, which is maily about the general situation of economic development in Lingbei province. The first chapter explores the reasons and policies of successive rulers of developing Lingbei province. The adverse enviromnent and the important location made the rulers use different ruling methods,such as changing its administration in line with the reality, appointing those able senior officials as the local officials,stationing there the troops led by the royals.in an effort to achieve the goal of overall integrated service.The agriculture of Lingbei, compared with its husbandry, occupied a supplumentary place. The agricultural development is discussed in accordance with the division of time. The agriculture developed on a small scale in Mongolia period,which paved the way for the agricultural development in Yuan dynasty. The agriculture awareness of the rulers, together with wise ruling methods, the spread and application of advanced farming technology, improved the natural environment. farming made remarkbale achievements in a certain period, reaching the climax. Frequent wars, the corruption in mid- late Yuan Dynasty, restraint of irrational relations of production in farming made the farming in decline. The conclusion part and the reflection on farming analyze the reasons behide the decline of farming.Husbandry, necessary to develop at that time,was the pillar industry in Lingbei province.Lingbei, guided and supported by the Yuan rulers, scored remarkable achievements in the husbandry. But there were many problems behind this prosperity. For example, the limit of environment, expedient relief policies, the wantonly plundering of horses by court,and so on. Chapter Three analyzes the reasons from four aspects why the Lingbei Province's agriculture and animal husbandry had made so much progress .Firstly, the development resulted from the Central Government's strong support and assistance. People made the unfavorable factors affecting the development of the whole province better by giving their initiative to the full . For example , the implementation of water conservancy ensured the smooth development of agriculture and animal husbandry to a certain extent. Because the Lingbei Province was far from the southern province , it had to maintain the link with the Southern Province. Therefore, the waystation system developed so that the victims billion Ting relief supplies The grant given to the Jin Dynasty sent to the northern province in such a timely manner. These will help to maintain the regenerative capacity of agriculture in that province.Generally speaking, Lingbei Province made a great progress in agriculture and animal husbandry. But there is no denying the fact that there were many problems during the process of.development. It was these problems that eventually led to the decline of the agriculture and animal husbandry, which is worth more consideration.those led to the decline of Husbandry in Lingbei province at last.