Beyond The Mirror Of Ideology

In this article, Althusser's "Ideology and Ideology State Apparatuses" will be deciphered, and it has some new perspective about the ideology.From Althusser's theory of ideology, he started making perspective on reproduction. He said that Marx's reproduction is not only made of reproduction of the means of production, but also the reproduction of conditions, and the conditions are including the existing relations of production and reproduction of labor-force at least. But Althusser thought much of the reproduction of labor-force, because the reproduction of labor-force requires the reproduction which can make people succumb the regulations of extant orders, and the workers product the ability of domination ideology, and an agent of exploitation and oppression to people's ability which controls reproduction of the ruling ideology. All of these even offer a mastery of the ruling class, and Ideology State Apparatuses take a major role on it. Althusser elaborated Ideology State Apparatuses on the distinction between "ideological state apparatus" and Marx's "state machinery". The "ideological state apparatuses" don't produce result'in a violent way ", and they are not authoritative or organizational. But, it performs functions miscellaneously and widely in "Ideological approach". hey are subordinate to the private sphere, such as churches, schools, families, the media. The ideological state apparatuses ensure reproduction of the relations of production and reproduction of the labor-force. The dominant ideological state apparatuses take a role of moderating the relationship between state apparatuses and ideological state apparatuses, among the various ideological state apparatuses. To illustrate the practical operation of the basic ideology, Althusser bring up a new theory of Marxism superstructure for a new exposition. On one hand, he attributed the problem to the superstructure which is a central issue. This can be seen in the distinction between power and authority which in his theory, such as the extension of State authority and the state machinery to be distinguished. On the other hand, He called repressive and ideological superstructure divided into the two categories, and they are some fundamental differences between the use of the material means. Althusser acknowledge that the repression and ideological in nature, and between violence and non-violence is not a sharp boundary. There are not purely repressive state apparatuses or ideological state apparatuses. But he also stressed that a clear distinction between the two different forms of the state machinery is possible and necessary. This distinction will help people understand the importance of the ideological struggle. Althusser combine machines and ideology into a new area, to reveal the mystery of the ideological state apparatuses which are often overlooked. Althusser find the breakthrough of capitalist ideology. Under the new theoretical vision ,the scope would combine ideology and the state machinery to work closely together.Althusser's "Ideology no history" theory is from the Marxist point of "German Ideology"(1845-1846), but He give a re-interpretation of this theory. In a certain sense, Althusser explains Marx's"Ideology has no history"in terms of structuralism. Althusser thinks that"ideology has no history"does not mean that it does not have its own history. Because the ideology has the same structure and function in same form. As an integral part of social history, ideology is inherent social structure. He states that ideology is eternal in the course of history. In the course of history, ideology does not have a beginning or end, and it exist everywhere and every-time. Never become "social has no ideology", and people will never get rid of the false reflect of the existing situation. The determinative factors of ideology are the history of class struggle and the modes of production. In order to make Marx's perfect, Althusser explains Marx's"Ideology has no history"in terms of structuralism. But It is betrays Marx's ideological theory. Marx said that the history of ideology refers to a spiritual phenomenon. It is a reflection of people's material practice and social being's fashion existence. It is a part of consciousness that depend on material practice. However, some factors restrict the ideology, such as history, dominator's mind. So the false ideology is inevitable. Only come from material practice, the essence of ideology can be exposed and criticized. But Althusser reject to explain Marx's ideological theory, he can't develop and enrich Marx's ideological theory essentially.