The Studies On Archaeological Remains Of XiaShang Period In The South Foothill Area Of Mt. Yanshan

The South foothill area of Mt. yanshan lies in geographic region from the mountainous region transition to the plain in front of the mountain, so there has the extremely unique human geography significance observed from the archaeological culture. Based on the former archaeological discovery and the predecessor'studies, and according to the difference of cultural appearance, the author takes the river basin as the unit, and divides preliminarily this area into four plots. By analyzing the stage, the age and characteristic of cultural remains, this article initially establishes the temporal and spatial framework of the remains in this area, and compares the similarities and differences of the cultural development among various river basin regions. This article has summarized the own characteristic about the local archaeological culture, and concluded the evolution process of different culture in this area.This article is divided five parts. The first part is Foreword. In this part the author introduces briefly the physical geography characteristic about the south foothill area of Mt. yanshan, and elaborates the design and its vital significance of this research.The second part is about the archaeological discovery and its research history in this area. It can sum up to three stages: First stage is before 1960's, which is of fragmentary discovery and preliminary cognition. Second stage is from 1960's to 1980's, which is the central discovery and the thorough research stage; Third stage is from the 1980s to now, which is the initiative excavation time, and its academic goal is clear. The region difference in the identical cultural area is full understanding. The macroscopic and microscopic studies advance together. The independent archaeological culture is named, and the different region types of the same archaeological culture are put forward one after another.The third part is about regions division and its scope limits. Based on river basins and the physical geography unit, the author divides the south foothill area of Mt. yanshan into four plots from west to east in turn, which are the region of Huliuhe River, SangGanhe River and Yanghe River; the region of upper basin of Jumahe River; the region ofChaobaihe River and Jiyunhe River; and the region of low basin Luanhe River.The fourth part is about the cultural stages, the classifications and the characteristics of various regions' remain. Based on the stratigraphical and the typological analyzing, the author estimates the stage and the age of archaeological remains in various regions. From the Xia period to the early Shang period, the remain in the region of Huliuhe River and SangGanhe River can be divides into four stages, and the Yanghe River region three stages, the Jumahe River region three stages (five ages groups),the Chaobaihe River and Jiyunhe River region four stages, the Luanhe River region four stages. Based on those, the author analyzes preliminarily the cultural element in various regions in different stage, and analyzes the cultural characteristic in various regions. The author elaborates the distribution and evolution of cultural elements of the native culture, the XiaJiaDian lower level culture, the pre-Shang culture, the Baiyan culture, the Zhukaigou culture and the early Shang culture, and discusses the cultural exchange and fusion among those. The author distinguishes the remains of the late Shang peiod in this area represented by the third stage remain of WeiFang site and the forth stage remain of ZhangJiaYuan site(the upper layer remain of ZhangJiaYuan) in Ji county, and analyzes its characteristic and relations between them. The author argues that they were different pedigree, which different in the time to begin and to end, but coexistence in sometime.The fifth part is the epilogue of this article. The XiaShang period remains in the South foothill area of Mt. yanshan can be divided into three stages: the Xia period, the early Shang period and the late Shang period. In those three stages, the author has discussed the difference and the common among various areas during the ancient culture development, and discussed its reason. The external culture is active in the region west to Yongdinghe River, and the native culture is relative weak in this area. While the native culture is stable and prominent in the region east to Yongdinghe River. Taking the Yongdinghe River as the boundary, the difference of cultural development between the west and the east is obvious. The author concludes and summarizes the remains of the late Shang peiod represented by the third stage remain of WeiFang site and the forth stage remain of ZhangJiaYuan site(the upper layer remain of ZhangJiaYuan) in Ji county. What's more, the author has discussed the Shang cultural' influence to the region east toYongdinghe river and its lag in this area in this period.