Study On The Recovery Of Tianjin And Hankou's German Concessions By Beiyang Government

During World Warâ… Beiyang Government has taken back Tianjin and Hankou's German concessions. Existing research results mostly thought this benefits from advantageous international situation, but neglected of Beiyang Government's efforts. The author's purpose is to reappear the event's original appearance on the basis of massive historical material, discuss and appraise the event of German concession's recovery and restructuring under then historical background.The article consists of three parts: foreword, main text and conclusion.The foreword introduces the present conditions of the research about the event of German Concession's recovery, analyzes and concludes the learning achievement of relational research, indicates the learning direction and writing conception.The main text is composed by four chapters. Chapter One recounts the background of German open concessions in China and introduces the establishment and expansion situation separately. Chapter Two mainly elaborates the Beiyang Government has been taking back German concessions in fact through cutting off the diplomatic relations with Germany and declaring war, including Beiyang Government's war policy and its measures in the receiving process. Chapter Three decribes that Beiyang Government complete the recovery's legal proceeding. The government makes positive efforts on the peace conference of Paris, as well as signs'the Chinese and German Agreement'. Chapter Four is the full text of analysis and gets some understanding: German concession's recovery is the first time for Chinese government taking back foreign concession .we should affirm its great significance of regaining part of national sovereignty. Measures of Beiyang Government and the local authorities in receiving concession are properly and it ensure a steadily receiver. Beiyang Government change German concession into special zone has adopted the compromise form because of its own strength and then environment. At that time only special zone is feasible form of management. Finally, the conclusion summarizes the whole test.