| Religiosity is a core concept of Western psychology of religion, and also is an indispensably fundamental variable in exploring the relationship between religious beliefs and mental health. Cultural and academic background difference has been found significantly between domestic and international understanding of religiosity. In the home, there is no religiosity measurement tools, and also no empirical study of religiosity. Therefore, to study the basic theory of religiosity, to clarify its definition and structure elements, to develop measurement tool upon the sample of Chinese religious believers, have great significance not only to our mental health education study, but also to the discipline construction of international psychology of religion.Based on the literature analysis, this study proposed definition and structure model of religiosity; developed the Christians' Religiosity Scale (CRS) with qualitative and quantitative research methods; explored the actuality and influencing factors of Christians' religiosity in 711 Christians of Zhejiang and Jiangsu Provinces with CRS.Main results are as follows:(1) Religiosity is a comprehensive summary of the characteristics of individual personality on traditional religious believers. The elements of reigiosity are "divinity belief, "transcend experience", "morality pursuit", and "institutional participation". Take Christians' religiosity as example: "Divinity belief, refers that individuals firmly believe the existence of divinity in traditional religious teachings (cognitive factors in "religiosity"), "transcend experience", refers that individual experiences the immense strength of the transcend power described by traditional religious teachings and has a feeling of communicating with such power (emotional factor in "religiosity"). "Morality pursuit", refers that individual views the humanistic virtue advocated by traditional religion as a personal moral standards and ultimate goal to pursue (personality dynamic factors in "religiosity"). "Institutional participation", refers that individual regularly participates in religious activities as request of traditional religious organizations, such as pray, donate (willing factors in "religiosity").(2) CRS has 19 items: "divinity belief consists of 4 items, "transcend experience" consists of 6 items, "morality pursuit" consists of 5 items, and "institutional participation" consists of 4 items. The CFA (conformitary factory analysis) supported a previously found four-factor structure. The fit indices of the modified models are as follows: x~2 /df=2.23, RMSEA=0.078, NNFI=0.91, CFI=0.92, IFI=0.92, SRMR=0.08. A significant, positive correlation was found between the CRS and The Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire, supporting the convergent validity of the CRS (r=0.698, p<.01). The internal consistency and two-week test-retest reliability were 0.698, 0.860 respectively.(3) Norm in a small range was made, and the T score was used, of which, the mean score was 50, and the standard deviation was 10. The T scores above 60 were high, below 40 were low.(4) The results of the measurement by CRS show that the level of Christians' religiosity is above the average. The level of each dimension of religiosity from highest to lowest ranges as follows: divinity belief > transcend experience > morality pursuit > institutional participation. Significant diffrences in different gender, education and time to join the church were found in religiosity. Significant interactions are found in the religiosity between age and religion denomination. The results of regression analysis show that gender (female) influences religiosity greatest.(5) The education revelations of this study are as follows: widen the service area of school consultation effectively with CRS; improve the pertinence of school psychological counseling significantly with helping and guiding students as development characters of Christians' religiosity; promote the construction of harmonious campus and harmonious society positively with catching the scientific connotation and structure of religiosity correctly. |
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